Day: April 1, 2022

Zhang, Juan; Xia, Wen-Le; Ahmad, Fazal published an article about the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O ).Electric Literature of C18H20N2O12. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) through the article.

When 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiate to adipocytes, the specific activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) increases about 25-fold in parallel with its intracellular protein concentration The increase in PC protein concentration is accompanied by a 9-10-fold increase in the relative abundance of 4.2 kb PC mRNA measured by Northern-blot anal. using a cDNA probe encoding a segment of the PC gene of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of cAMP alone and together with insulin on levels of cellular protein, PC activity, PC protein and on the relative abundance of PC mRNA were examined in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocytes exposed to cAMP for 24 h exhibited a 25% decrease in cellular protein and marked decreases in enzyme activity (88%) and PC mRNA abundance (98%) compared with untreated adipocyte controls. After 48 h of exposure to cAMP, PC activity and PC mRNA diminished to levels approaching their detection limits. When exposed to medium containing cAMP plus insulin, adipocyte enzyme activity and PC mRNA declined more slowly during the first 24 h exposure (about 20% decrease) but after 48 h fell to values comparable with those of adipocytes exposed to cAMP alone. Despite these decreases in enzyme activity, the PC protein content of adipocytes treated with cAMP alone or cAMP plus insulin are nearly identical with that of control adipocytes. The inactivation of PC in cAMP-treated adipocytes does not involve loss of the prosthetic groups from the holoenzyme. Crosslinking experiments suggest that the spatial arrangement of protomers in inactive PC may differ from that in the active tetrameric enzyme. Data presented suggest that, in addition to inducing inactivation, cAMP may also regulate adipocyte PC by decreasing transcription of the PC gene and/or enhancing the rate of degradation of PC mRNA.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Jing, Keju; Xu, Zhinan; Liu, Ying; Jiang, Xiaoxia; Peng, Li; Cen, Peilin researched the compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate( cas:90866-33-4 ).Reference of (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.They published the article 《Efficient production of recombinant aldehyde reductase and its application for asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate》 about this compound( cas:90866-33-4 ) in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology. Keywords: recombinant aldehyde reductase asym reduction. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:90866-33-4).

An NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (ALR, EC1.1.1.2) gene is cloned from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor ZJUB 105, and inserted into plasmid pQE30 to construct the expression plasmid (pQE30-ALR). A variety of E. coli strains were employed as hosts to obtain transformants with pQE30-ALR, resp. Among these different types of transformants, the highest enzyme activity of ALR can be produced with E. coli M15 (pQE30-ALR). The bioactivity of ALR could be further improved significantly by the optimization of induction conditions. The results showed that the enzyme activity of ALR reached 6.48 U/mg protein, which is fifteen times higher than that of S. salmonicolor ZJUB 105. This recombinant strain was applied to the asym. reduction of Et 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) to Et (R)-4-chloro-3- hydroxybutanoate (CHBE). The results showed that the yield and optical purity of (R)-CHBE reached 98.5% and 99% e.e. (enantiomeric excess), resp.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called New 3D Porous Silver Nanopolycluster as a Highly Effective Supercapacitor Electrode: Synthesis and Study of the Optical and Electrochemical Properties, published in 2021-02-01, which mentions a compound: 2923-28-6, mainly applied to supercapacitor electrode porous silver nanopolycluster preparation crystal structure, Application In Synthesis of Silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate.

A high-nucleus silver nanopolycluster as a new type of silver-based polymer supercapacitor (SSc) by a simple and single-step synthesis process was designed and synthesized. The structural, optical, and electrochem. properties of SSc-2 were determined This highly stable conductive 3D nanopolycluster shows great cycling stability, large capacity, and high energy d. without any modification or doping process and so acts as an excellent SSc (412 F g-1 at 1.5 A g-1). In addition, there was a stable cycling performance (94% capacitance) following 7000 cycles at 3 A g-1 c.d. The presence of fluorinated groups, 3D expansion of high-nucleus metallic clusters, and porosity are the advantages of SSc-2 that lead to stability, conductivity, and high capacity, resp. These results lead to the development of a novel kind of SSc by overcoming the low conductivity and limited capacity challenges without any modification. A new porous silver nanopolycluster with a unique supercapacitor (SSc) property was synthesized, and its structural, optical, and electrochem. properties were determined This 3D nanopolycluster without any modification or doping process acts as an excellent SSc (412 F g-1 at 1.5 A g-1).

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Black, Kvar C. L.; Ibricevic, Aida; Gunsten, Sean P.; Flores, Jeniree A.; Gustafson, Tiffany P.; Raymond, Jeffery E.; Samarajeewa, Sandani; Shrestha, Ritu; Felder, Simcha E.; Cai, Tianyi; Shen, Yuefei; Lobs, Ann-Kathrin; Zhegalova, Natalia; Sultan, Deborah H.; Berezin, Mikhail; Wooley, Karen L.; Liu, Yongjian; Brody, Steven L. published the article 《In vivo fate tracking of degradable nanoparticles for lung gene transfer using PET and Ĉerenkov imaging》. Keywords: DNA gene therapy transfection vector lung PET imaging; Biodistribution; Cytotoxicity; Degradable nanoparticle; Gene expression; Lung; Čerenkov luminescence imaging.They researched the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3 ).Quality Control of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) here.

Nanoparticles (NPs) play expanding roles in biomedical applications including imaging and therapy, however, their long-term fate and clearance profiles have yet to be fully characterized in vivo. NP delivery via the airway is particularly challenging, as the clearance may be inefficient and lung immune responses complex. Thus, specific material design is required for cargo delivery and quant., noninvasive methods are needed to characterize NP pharmacokinetics. Here, biocompatible poly(acrylamidoethylamine)-b-poly(DL-lactide) block copolymer-based degradable, cationic, shell-cross-linked knedel-like NPs (Dg-cSCKs) were employed to transfect plasmid DNA. Radioactive and optical beacons were attached to monitor biodistribution and imaging. The preferential release of cargo in acidic conditions provided enhanced transfection efficiency compared to non-degradable counterparts. In vivo gene transfer to the lung was correlated with NP pharmacokinetics by radiolabeling Dg-cSCKs and performing quant. biodistribution with parallel positron emission tomog. and Cerenkov imaging. Quantitation of imaging over 14 days corresponded with the pharmacokinetics of NP movement from the lung to gastrointestinal and renal routes, consistent with predicted degradation and excretion. This ability to noninvasively and accurately track NP fate highlights the advantage of incorporating multifunctionality into particle design.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Computed Properties of C19H19N2NaO2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: Sodium 4-butyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ide, is researched, Molecular C19H19N2NaO2, CAS is 129-18-0, about Rectal delivery of antiinflammatory drugs. I. The influence of antiinflammatory drugs on rectal absorption of β-lactam antibiotics. Author is Yaginuma, Hideya; Nakata, Tohru; Toya, Harumasa; Murakami, Teruo; Yamazaki, Masaru; Kamada, Akira.

The effects of non-steroid antiinflammatory (NSAI) drugs on the rectal membrane were studied by measuring the change in the rectal absorption of ampicillin Na  [69-52-3] and cephalothin  [153-61-7]. All the NSAI drugs studied caused a remarkable enhancement of the rectal absorption of antibiotics which were not able to permeate readily through the rectal membrane in the absence of NSAI drugs. The optimum concentrations of NSAI drugs as adjuvants in triglyceride suppositories containing 10% ampicillin Na were 1.5% for indomethacin Na  [7681-54-1] and diclofenac Na  [15307-79-6], 5% for mepirizole  [18694-40-1], 7.5% for phenylbutazone  [50-33-9], and 10% for Na salicylate  [54-21-7]. These concentrations of NSAI drugs were used in a study of the promoting efficacy of the drugs as adjuvants for the rectal absorption of antibiotics. The promoting effects of adjuvants in dogs were inferior to those in rabbits. From simultaneous measurements of NSAI drugs and antibiotic, it was found that the absorption of antibiotic started at the early stages after the administration of suppositories and the peak blood level was reached while the blood concentration of NSAI drug was still increasing. Apparently the NSAI drugs made the mucosal barrier leaky to water-soluble antibiotics at the early stages of permeation of the NSAI drugs through the rectal membrane, and the barrier rapidly recovered its normal properties even while the permeation of NSAI drug was continuing and a considerable amount of antibiotic still remained in the rectal cavity. A linear correlation between the enhanced absorption of antibiotics and the antiinflammatory activity of NSAI drugs against carrageenan-induced edema was observed

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Formula: C19H19N2NaO2. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Sodium 4-butyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ide, is researched, Molecular C19H19N2NaO2, CAS is 129-18-0, about Influence of nonsteroid antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs on hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase activity in rats. Author is Reinicke, Claus; Guttmacher, Hansjuergen; Ulbricht, Wolfgang.

Orally administered indomethacin [53-86-1] (3 mg/kg), sodium salicylate [54-21-7] (120 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid [50-78-2] (300 mg/kg), salicylamide [65-45-2] (160 mg/kg), mefenamic acid [61-68-7] (340 mg/kg), flufenamic acid (I) [530-78-9] (90 mg/kg), amidopyrine [58-15-1] (340 mg/kg), sodium phenylbutazone [129-18-0] (50 mg/kg), and benzydamine-HCl [132-69-4] (200 mg/kg) administered repeatedly did not alter tryptophan pyrrolase [9014-51-1] activity in the liver of intact rats. Orally administerd I increased tyrosine aminotransferase [9014-55-5] activity. Of the nonsteroidal inflammation inhibitors tested, only I and benzydamine blocked the induction of tryptophan pyrrolase by cortisol [50-23-7]. Orally administered cyclophosphamide [50-18-0] (140 mg/kg), triaziquone [68-76-8] (0.45 mg/kg), and azathioprine [446-86-6] increased tryptophan pyrrolase activity, whereas chloroquine diphosphate [50-63-5] (20 mg/kg), 6-mercaptopurine [50-44-2] (75 mg/kg), 6-azauridine [54-25-1] (100 mg/kg), and amethopterin [59-05-2] (2 mg/kg) did not. Induction of tryptophan pyrrolase by cortisol was blocked by azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-azauridine, and amethopterin. Enzyme induction is not an essential property of nonsteroidal inflammation inhibitors.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate( cas:90866-33-4 ) is researched.Related Products of 90866-33-4.Ni, Yan; Li, Chun-Xiu; Ma, Hong-Min; Zhang, Jie; Xu, Jian-He published the article 《Biocatalytic properties of a recombinant aldo-keto reductase with broad substrate spectrum and excellent stereoselectivity》 about this compound( cas:90866-33-4 ) in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Keywords: biocatalysis aldo keto reductase substrate spectrum enantiomer stereoselectivity. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:90866-33-4).

In the screening of 11 E. coli strains overexpressing recombinant oxidoreductases from Bacillus sp. ECU0013, an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase (YtbE) was identified with capability of producing chiral alcs. The protein (YtbE) was overexpressed, purified to homogeneity, and characterized of biocatalytic properties. The purified enzyme exhibited the highest activity at 50°C and optimal pH at 6.5. YtbE served as a versatile reductase showing a broad substrate spectrum towards different aromatic ketones and keto esters. Furthermore, a variety of carbonyl substrates were asym. reduced by the purified enzyme with an addnl. coupled NADPH regeneration system. The reduction system exhibited excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) in the reduction of all the aromatic ketones and high to moderate enantioselectivity in the reduction of α-keto esters and β-keto esters. Among the ketones tested, Et 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate was found to be reduced to Et (R)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy butanoate, an important pharmaceutical intermediate, in excellent optical purity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ytbE gene-encoding recombinant aldo-keto reductase from Bacillus sp. used as biocatalyst for stereoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds This study provides a useful guidance for further application of this enzyme in the asym. synthesis of chiral alc. enantiomers.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Application of 129-18-0. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Sodium 4-butyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ide, is researched, Molecular C19H19N2NaO2, CAS is 129-18-0, about Pharmacological studies of tectoridin and tectorigenin. Author is Esaki, Shunji.

Tectoridin (I) and tectorigenin (II) were observed to be hyaluronidase inhibitory both in vitro and in vivo. The hyaluronidase inhibition in vitro was not reversed with cysteine, in contrast to that with rutin (III) and quercetin (IV). The nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drugs, 5-butyl-1-cyclohexyl-2,4,6-trioxo-perhydropyrimidine Na and phenylbutazone Na, were observed to have hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vivo but not in vitro. The hyaluronidase edema in rat hind paw was inhibited with I and II but not the carrageenin edema. The exudation of ascites induced in rats by mustard was slightly inhibited with I and II. The stretching induced by HOAc and the permeability of dye into the peritoneum was inhibited by I and II but not so markedly as by IV. It was considered that I and II have weak estrogenlike action. The acute toxicity of I and II was very weak, almost the same as III and IV.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-formylbenzoate. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: Methyl 4-bromo-2-formylbenzoate, is researched, Molecular C9H7BrO3, CAS is 1260795-42-3, about Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5(9bH)-ones via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cascade Imidization-Nucleophilic Addition-Lactamization.

Highly enantioselective catalytic asym. intramol. cascade imidization-nucleophilic addition-lactamization of N1-alkylethane-1,2-diamine with Me 2-formylbenzoate catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid represents the first efficient method for the preparation of medicinally interesting chiral 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5(9bH)-ones, e.g., I, with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This strategy has been shown to be quite general toward various Me 2-formylbenzoates.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: Sodium 4-butyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ide, is researched, Molecular C19H19N2NaO2, CAS is 129-18-0, about Chemical characterization of the products of drug decomposition. IV. Mechanism of phenylbutazone decomposition in pharmaceutical preparations.HPLC of Formula: 129-18-0.

Injections of phenylbutazone (I) sodium were analyzed by various chromatographic techniques. The decomposition products detected were 4-butyl-4-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione (II), PhN(NHPh)COCHBuCO2H (III), trans- and cis-PhN:NPh, and BuCH(CO2H)2. A similar anal. of overdue suppositories containing I revealed the presence of II, III, PhN(NHPh)COC5H11, and PhN(NHPh)CBu(OH)CO2H. (m. 148°). Hydrolytic decomposition was predominant in injections, and oxidative decomposition, in suppositories.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem