Tag: 164.2011

Solar photocatalytical treatment of carbofuran at lab and pilot scale: Effect of classical parameters, evaluation of the toxicity and analysis of organic by-products was written by Lopez-Alvarez, Blady;Torres-Palma, Ricardo A.;Penuela, Gustavo. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2011.HPLC of Formula: 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

The TiO₂ solar-photocatalytical degradation of the pesticide carbofuran (CBF) in water, at laboratory- and pilot-scale, was studied. At laboratory-scale the evaluation of CBF concentration (14-282 μmol/L) showed that the system followed a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics type. TiO₂ concentration (0.05-2 g/L) and initial pH (3-9) were also evaluated and optimized using the surface response methodol. and the Pareto diagram. In the range of variables studied, initial pH 7.60 and 1.43 g/L of TiO₂ favored the efficiency of the process. Under optimal conditions the evolution of substrate, COD, dissolved organic C, toxicity and organics byproducts were evaluated. In the pilot-scale tests, using direct sunlight, 55 mg/L of CBF in a com. formulation was eliminated after 420 min; while after 900 min of treatment 80% of toxicity (1/E₅₀ on Vibrio fischeri), 80% of COD and 60% of dissolved organic C were removed. The anal. and evolution of 5 CBF byproducts, as well the evaluation of the treatment in the presence of isopropanol or using acetonitrile as a solvent suggest that the degradation is mainly carried out by [rad]OH radical attack. A schema depicting the main degradation pathway is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8HPLC of Formula: 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.HPLC of Formula: 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives Containing Furan or/and Pyran Ring as Neuraminidase Inhibitors was written by Chen, Aiyu;Liang, Yongdong;Ye, Jiao;Hu, Aixi;Lian, Wenwen;Liu, Ailin;Du, Guanhua. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Chinese Universities in 2019.Name: 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol This article mentions the following:

Twenty-seven novel chalcone derivatives were designed and synthesized as neuraminidase(NA) inhibitors. A concise suitable synthetic strategy was employed in the target compounds’ synthesis with relatively high yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the NA of influenza A virus in vitro. The results show that compound 9b possesses the most potent NA inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that the chalcone system and hydrogen bond donor substituent are significant for the NA inhibitory activity. And the chalcone derivatives containing pyran ring have better NA inhibitory activity than those without the pyran ring. In addition, mol. docking studies reveal that compounds 9b and 9u are in the good binding mode with Zanamivir binding sites. This study indicates that compound 9b could be selected as a potent compound for further structural optimization and development of novel NA inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Name: 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Name: 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:6,5-b’]difuran derivatives was written by Ouyang, Yu-di;Wu, Dao-xin;Zang, Yang-ling;Luo, Xian-fu;Zhou, Yong;Mao, Chun-hui. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong Zhongjianti in 2012.Application of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

By using 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:6,5-b’]difuran, a byproduct formed during the preparation of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol, as the starting materials, three novel derivatives were synthesized via reactions of ring opening, Friedel-Craft and nucleophilic reaction. The target compounds were confirmed with ¹H NMR and MS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Application of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Metabolism of carbosulfan II. Human interindividual variability in its in vitro hepatic biotransformation and the identification of the cytochrome P450 isoforms involved was written by Abass, Khaled;Reponen, Petri;Mattila, Sampo;Pelkonen, Olavi. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2010.Application of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

This study aims to characterize interindividual variability and individual CYP enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of the carbamate insecticide carbosulfan. Microsomes from ten human livers (HLM) were used to characterize the interindividual variability in carbosulfan activation. Altogether eight phase I metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. The primary metabolic pathways were detoxification by the initial oxidation of sulfur to carbosulfan sulfinamide ( sulfur oxidation pathway’) and activation via cleavage of the nitrogen sulfur bond (N-S) to give carbofuran and dibutylamine ( carbofuran pathway’). Differences between maximum and min. carbosulfan activation values with HLM indicated nearly 5.9-, 7.0, and 6.6-fold variability in the k _m, V _max and CL_int values, resp. CYP3A5 and CYP2B6 had the greatest efficiency to form carbosulfan sulfinamide, while CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the most efficient in the generation of the carbofuran metabolic pathway. Based on average abundances of CYP enzymes in human liver, CYP3A4 contributed to 98% of carbosulfan activation, while CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 contributed 57 and 37% to detoxification, resp. Significant correlations between carbosulfan activation and CYP marker activities were seen with CYP3A4 (omeprazole sulfoxidation), CYP2C19 (omeprazole 5-hydroxylation) and CYP3A4 (midazolam 1′-hydroxylation), displaying r ² = 0.96, 0.87 and 0.82, resp. Activation and detoxification pathways were inhibited by ketoconazole, a specific CYP3A4 inhibitor, by 90-97% and 47-94%, resp. Carbosulfan inhibited relatively potently CYP3A4 and moderately CYP1A1/2 and CYP2C19 in pooled HLM. These results suggest that the carbosulfan activation pathway is more important than the detoxification pathway, and that carbosulfan activation is predominantly catalyzed in humans by CYP3A4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Application of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Target and Suspect Screening of Urinary Biomarkers for Current-use Pesticides: Application of a Simple Extraction Method was written by Huang, Zhoubing;Li, Huizhen;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

Pesticide residues pose a great threat to human health. Biomonitoring with urine samples has often been used to assess pesticide exposure to humans, and identifying appropriate biomarkers is a premise of success. Current-use pesticides (CUPs) including neonicotinoids tend to be transformed in an organism, and thus the biomonitoring studies focusing on parent compounds alone may underestimate their risk. It is imperative to develop effective methods to analyze CUPs and their metabolites simultaneously and to identify viable metabolites as urinary biomarkers. For analyzing xenobiotics in urine, we optimized CH₃COCH₃-MgSO₄ extraction coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry detection method. The method had sensitive method detection limits (0.11-1.39 ng/mL), low matrix effects, and satisfactory recovery and precision (49.4% ± 7.2%-99.8% ± 17.8%) for neonicotinoids and their metabolites. Application of the method for real samples showed that children living in rural areas in South China were ubiquitously exposed to CUPs, including neonicotinoids, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos, and urinary residues were mainly in the form of metabolites. Suitable biomarkers were identified for individual neonicotinoids, including imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-guanidine for imidacloprid, acetamiprid-N-desmethyl for acetamiprid, thiacloprid-amide for thiacloprid, and N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam for thiamethoxam. Three metabolites were mainly reported in urine samples, including imidacloprid-urea, thiacloprid-amide, and N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam. In addition, the method was also applied for suspect screening, and an addnl. metabolite (clothianidin-desmethyl-nitrosoguanidine) was identified, showing its potential application in suspect anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Reference of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Reference of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

MCR-ALS with sample insertion constraint to enhance the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection was written by Sricharoen, Nontawat;Sukmanee, Thanyada;Pienpinijtham, Prompong;Ekgasit, Sanong;Kitahama, Yasutaka;Ozaki, Yukihiro;Wongravee, Kanet. And the article was included in Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Formula: C10H12O2 This article mentions the following:

The multivariate curve resolution-alternative least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm was modified with sample insertion constraint to deconvolute the overlapping peaks in SERS spectra. The developed method was evaluated by the spectral data simulated using a Gaussian distribution function to generate two independent peaks corresponding to a capping agent and an analyte. The spectra were generated with different overlapping levels and various intensity ratios of the analyte to the capping agent. By using MCR-ALS with the sample insertion constraint, the peak of the capping agent was completely excluded to obtain a calibration model of the analyte with R² > 0.95 under all conditions. Furthermore, our developed method was later applied to a real SERS measurement to quantify carbofuran (analyte) using the azo-coupling reaction with p-ATP (capping agent) on silver nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. A calibration model of derivative carbofuran phenol was generated with R² = 0.99 and LOD = 28.19 ppm. To assess the performance of the calibration model, the model was used to estimate the concentration of carbofuran in an external validation set. It was found that the RMSE of prediction was only 2.109 with a promising R² = 0.97. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Formula: C10H12O2).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Formula: C10H12O2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Production and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) generated by a carbofuran degrading strain Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7 was written by Gupta, Juhi;Rathour, Rashmi;Singh, Rashmi;Thakur, Indu Shekhar. And the article was included in Bioresource Technology in 2019.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

The present study demonstrates EPS production by Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7 along with its capability to remediate a toxic carbamate pesticide, carbofuran. The strain ISTL7 efficiently degraded approx. 98% of carbofuran (400 ppm) within 96 h. GC-MS anal. showed catabolic metabolites of degradation which included carbofuran-7-phenol, methylamine, 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methylpropan-2-ol)benzene-N-methyl-carbamate etc. EPS production from the mineral medium supplemented with carbofuran was observed to be 3.112 ± 0.3682 g L^-1. FTIR confirmed its carbohydrate composition and the monomeric sugars: glucose, xylose, sorbitol and fructose were identified by GC-MS anal. The toxic potential of degradation experiment and the produced EPS was evaluated on HepG2 (mammalian liver cell line). The cytotoxicity of carbofuran was reduced upon bacterial degradation and the formed EPS was found to be non-toxic as inferred from percentage cell viability. The present research can possibly influence the development strategies of biol. remediation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Category: benzofurans).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Predictive Endocrine Testing in the 21st Century Using in Vitro Assays of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Responses was written by Rotroff, Daniel M.;Martin, Matt T.;Dix, David J.;Filer, Dayne L.;Houck, Keith A.;Knudsen, Thomas B.;Sipes, Nisha S.;Reif, David M.;Xia, Menghang;Huang, Ruili;Judson, Richard S.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2014.Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol This article mentions the following:

Thousands of environmental chems. are subject to regulatory review for their potential to be endocrine disruptors (ED). In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have emerged as a potential tool for prioritizing chems. for ED-related whole-animal tests. In this study, 1814 chems. including pesticide active and inert ingredients, industrial chems., food additives, and pharmaceuticals were evaluated in a panel of 13 in vitro HTS assays. The panel of in vitro assays interrogated multiple end points related to estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, namely binding, agonist, antagonist, and cell growth responses. The results from the in vitro assays were used to create an ER Interaction Score. For 36 reference chems., an ER Interaction Score >0 showed 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for classifying potential ER activity. The magnitude of the ER Interaction Score was significantly related to the potency classification of the reference chems. ERα/ERβ selectivity was also evaluated, but relatively few chems. showed significant selectivity for a specific isoform. When applied to a broader set of chems. with in vivo uterotrophic data, the ER Interaction Scores showed 91% sensitivity and 65% specificity. Overall, this study provides a novel method for combining in vitro concentration response data from multiple assays and, when applied to a large set of ER data, accurately predicted estrogenic responses and demonstrated its utility for chem. prioritization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Bioassay-based identification and removal of target and suspect toxicants in municipal wastewater: Impacts of chemical properties and transformation was written by Liu, Yuan;Li, Faxu;Li, Huizhen;Tong, Yujun;Li, Weizong;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Reference of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

Municipal wastewater contains numerous chems. and transformation products with highly diverse physiochem. properties and intrinsic toxicity; thus, it is imperative but challenging to identify major toxicants. Herein, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to identify major toxicants in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Impacts of chem. properties on the removal of contaminants and toxicity at individual treatment stages were also examined The WWTP influent caused 100% death of Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos, and toxicity characterization suggested that organics, metals, and volatiles all contributed to the toxicity. Toxicity identification based on 189 target and approx. one-thousand suspect chems. showed that toxicity contributions of organic contaminants, metals, and ammonia to D. magna were 77%, 4%, and 19%, resp. Galaxolide, pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, octinoxate, silver, and ammonia were identified as potential toxicants. Comparatively, the detected transformation products elicited lower toxicity than their resp. parent contaminants. In contrast, the analyzed contaminants showed negligible contributions to the toxicity of zebrafish embryos. Removal efficiencies of these toxicants in WWTP were highly related to their hydrophobicity. Diverse transformation and removal efficiencies of contaminants in WWTPs may influence the chem. compositions in effluent and ultimately the risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving waterways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Reference of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Reference of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Degradation intermediates and reaction pathway of carbofuran in leaching water using TiO₂ and ZnO as photocatalyst under natural sunlight was written by Fenoll, Jose;Hellin, Pilar;Flores, Pilar;Martinez, Carmen M.;Navarro, Simon. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2013.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

In this work the solar-photocatalytical degradation of carbofuran in leaching water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and different mixed-phase (rutile/anatase) titanium dioxide (TiO₂) at pilot plant scale. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for catalyzing the removal of carbofuran and their main organic intermediates. The residual levels of carbofuran at the end of the experiment (240 min) were 0.1, 22.4, 62.8, 68.4 μg L^-1 for ZnO, TiO₂ P25 Degussa (70A/30R), TiO₂ rutile (25A/75R) and TiO₂ anatase (90A/10R), resp. The primary degradation of carbofuran followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The anal. and evolution of the intermediates suggest that oxidation of the CO bond on the carbamate group and 3C position of the furan ring as the main metabolic pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Category: benzofurans).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem