Month: February 2023

Allophenylnorstatine-containing HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships for selected P₂ ligands was written by Abdel-Rahman, Hamdy M.;El-Koussi, Nawal A.;Alkaramany, Gamal S.;Youssef, Adel F.;Kiso, Yoshiaki. And the article was included in Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assiut University in 2005.Electric Literature of C10H8O4 This article mentions the following:

The design and development of potent HIV protease inhibitors remain an attractive target for antiviral therapy. A novel class of HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4 phenylbutyric acid] as a transition state mimic have been reported. In this work we fixed P₂‘ (as tert-butylamino or 2-methylbenzylamino) and changed P₂ moiety to provide two series of dipeptide analogs. Preliminary evaluation of the activity of the synthesized derivatives were determined as percentage of enzyme inhibition at 5 μM level. The results showed that the introduction of 2-methylbenzylamino moiety as P₂‘ ligands considerably improved HIV inhibitory activity in comparison with the tert-Bu amino analogs. It was found that compounds in both series retained activity still less than the lead compounds KNI-577 and KNI-727. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Methoxybenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 4790-79-8Electric Literature of C10H8O4).

7-Methoxybenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 4790-79-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Electric Literature of C10H8O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

MP470, a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with Erlotinib inhibits the HER family/PI3K/Akt pathway and tumor growth in prostate cancer was written by Qi, Wenqing;Cooke, Larry S.;Stejskal, Amy;Riley, Christopher;Della Croce, Kimiko;Saldanha, Jose W.;Bearss, David;Mahadevan, Daruka. And the article was included in BMC Cancer in 2009.COA of Formula: C23H21N5O3S This article mentions the following:

Background: Prostate cancer is a common disease in men and at present there is no effective therapy available due to its recurrence despite androgen deprivation therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR/HER1, HER2/neu and HER3)/PI3K/Akt signaling axis has been implicated in prostate cancer development and progression. However, Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has less effect on proliferation and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. In this study, we evaluate whether MP470, a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor alone or in combination with Erlotinib has inhibitory effect on prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The efficacy of MP470 or MP470 plus Erlotinib was evaluated in vitro using three prostate cancer cell lines by MTS and apoptosis assays. The mol. mechanism study was carried out by phosphorylation antibody array, immunoblotting and immunohistochem. A LNCaP mouse xenograft model was also used to determine the tumor growth inhibition by MP470, Erlotinib or the combination treatments. Results: MP470 exhibits low μM IC₅₀ in prostate cancer cell lines. Additive effects on both cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis were observed when LNCaP were treated with MP470 in combination with Erlotinib. This combination treatment completely inhibited phosphorylation of the HER family members (HER1, 2, 3), binding of PI3K regulatory unit p85 to HER3 and downstream Akt activity even after androgen depletion. Furthermore, in a LNCaP mouse xenograft model, the MP470-Erlotinib combination produced 30-65% dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition (TGI). Conclusion: We propose that MP470-Erlotinib targets the HER family/PI3K/Akt pathway and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3COA of Formula: C23H21N5O3S).

N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.COA of Formula: C23H21N5O3S

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Fabrication of visual textile temperature indicators based on reversible thermochromic fibers was written by Zhang, Yangkai;Hu, Zexu;Xiang, Hengxue;Zhai, Gongxun;Zhu, Meifang. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2019.Application In Synthesis of Crystal violet lactone This article mentions the following:

Human body signals detection functions in fibers such as visual temperature indicator, are important aspects in future development of satisfying the warmth and comfortableness of conventional textile fibers. A series of reversible thermochromic fibers (VTFs), where thermochromic microcapsules and polypropylene (PP) was used as color indicator and polymer fiber matrix, resp., were prepared via melt spinning in this paper. The temperature-color response behaviors of VTFs were investigated in detail. The SEM images of cross section of VTFs showed that PP was an excellent matrix for the dispersion of thermochromic microcapsules and no aggregation occurred. The results of color measuring and matching indicated that VTFs exhibited various colors of red, purple and blue depending on the mass ratio of the red function and blue function microcapsules. Moreover, when the ambient temperature changed between 5 °C and 35 °C, the color of VTFs could fade and recover in a short time, and this kind of VTFs displayed excellent performance stability after 60 temperature cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Application In Synthesis of Crystal violet lactone).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of Crystal violet lactone

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Phase 1B study of amuvatinib in combination with five standard cancer therapies in adults with advanced solid tumors was written by Mita, Monica;Gordon, Michael;Rosen, Lee;Kapoor, Nirmal;Choy, Gavin;Redkar, Sanjeev;Taverna, Pietro;Oganesian, Aram;Sahai, Amarpal;Azab, Mohammad;Bristow, Robert;Tolcher, Anthony W.. And the article was included in Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology in 2014.Formula: C23H21N5O3S This article mentions the following:

Purpose: Amuvatinib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that suppresses RAD51, inhibits mutant c-KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, and has synergistic activity with DNA-damaging agents and topoisomerase inhibitors such as etoposide, doxorubicin, and topotecan. We conducted a phase 1B study to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) levels of amuvatinib with standard chemotherapy regimens and to define the safety profiles of specific amuvatinib + standard regimens. Methods: Five therapies each co-administered with amuvatinib 100-800 mg/day every 21 days were evaluated in treatment-naive or moderately pre-treated subjects: paclitaxel IV followed by carboplatin IV; carboplatin IV followed by etoposide; topotecan IV; docetaxel IV; and erlotinib by mouth. Results: Among 97 treated subjects, no treatment arm reached the MTD. Dose-limiting toxicities included febrile neutropenia and diarrhea. No pharmacokinetic interactions of amuvatinib with any cancer regimens occurred. Of 12/97 (12 %) partial responses overall, 11 were seen in the amuvatinib and paclitaxel/carboplatin or carboplatin/etoposide arms and most commonly in the neuroendocrine (NE), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors. Forty-four subjects (45 %) had stable disease. Adverse events reflected combination treatment and were primarily non-hematol. (fatigue, alopecia, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia) and hematol. (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia). Pharmacodynamic effects as measured by decreased levels of RAD51 and increased residual DNA damage (53BP1 foci) were seen in skin punch biopsies. Conclusion: Amuvatinib was well tolerated, modulated RAD51, and showed antitumor activity when combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin and carboplatin/etoposide in NE, NSCLC, and SCLC tumors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3Formula: C23H21N5O3S).

N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Formula: C23H21N5O3S

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Resonance Rayleigh scattering technique-using erythrosine B, as novel spectrofluorimetric method for determination of anticancer agent nilotinib: Application for capsules and human plasma was written by Salem, Hesham;Abo Elsoud, Fatma A.;Heshmat, Dina;Magdy, Ahmed. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2021.Name: Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) This article mentions the following:

A exceedingly touchy resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) strategy for the assurance of nilotinib (NILO) was introduced. In the pH 3.4 acetate buffer solution, NILO reacted with erythrosine B to produce an ion-association complex, which increased the RRS intensity of the studied system. The enhanced RRS intensity (ΔI) was linearly proportional to the concentration of NILO, the linear range of the method was 0.1-1.0μg/mL and the detection limit (DL) was 0.025μg/mL. In like manner, this test was connected to distinguish the concentration of NILO in capsules and human plasma with palatable comes about. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0Name: Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate)).

Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Name: Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate)

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Predictive Endocrine Testing in the 21st Century Using in Vitro Assays of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Responses was written by Rotroff, Daniel M.;Martin, Matt T.;Dix, David J.;Filer, Dayne L.;Houck, Keith A.;Knudsen, Thomas B.;Sipes, Nisha S.;Reif, David M.;Xia, Menghang;Huang, Ruili;Judson, Richard S.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2014.Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol This article mentions the following:

Thousands of environmental chems. are subject to regulatory review for their potential to be endocrine disruptors (ED). In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have emerged as a potential tool for prioritizing chems. for ED-related whole-animal tests. In this study, 1814 chems. including pesticide active and inert ingredients, industrial chems., food additives, and pharmaceuticals were evaluated in a panel of 13 in vitro HTS assays. The panel of in vitro assays interrogated multiple end points related to estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, namely binding, agonist, antagonist, and cell growth responses. The results from the in vitro assays were used to create an ER Interaction Score. For 36 reference chems., an ER Interaction Score >0 showed 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for classifying potential ER activity. The magnitude of the ER Interaction Score was significantly related to the potency classification of the reference chems. ERα/ERβ selectivity was also evaluated, but relatively few chems. showed significant selectivity for a specific isoform. When applied to a broader set of chems. with in vivo uterotrophic data, the ER Interaction Scores showed 91% sensitivity and 65% specificity. Overall, this study provides a novel method for combining in vitro concentration response data from multiple assays and, when applied to a large set of ER data, accurately predicted estrogenic responses and demonstrated its utility for chem. prioritization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Quality Control of 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Bridelia ferruginea dye-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and its nitrogen and sulphur doped as a photoanode in photovoltaic cell fabrication was written by Gurgur, E.;Oluyamo, S. S.;Adetuyi, A. O.;Omotunde, O. I.;Okoronkwo, A. E.;Famogun, M. G.. And the article was included in Bulletin of Materials Science in 2022.Reference of 496-16-2 This article mentions the following:

The current global challenges re-emphasized the need to deviate from the use of fossil fuels. Photovoltaics cells with proper and adequate manufacturing processes have consistently shown excellent characteristics capable replacements for the fossil fuels. ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized using Bridelia ferruginea dye and subsequently doped with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), via thermal annealing. The phytochem. anal. of dyes shows a high presence of the phenolic group, while the quant. (antioxidant parameters) anal. to identify capping and stabilizing agents confirmed the presence of phenol (9.83 mg g^-1), flavonoid (171.01 mg g^-1), FRAP (0.412 mM g^-1), DPPH (12.63) and Fe chelation ability (7.12%). Trans-Octadec-9-enoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and Phytol which are the major compounds in the dye were identified with the aid of GC/MS spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO and ZnO-N,S were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and shows characteristic absorption between 300 and 400 nm. Fourier transform IR identifies some of the functional groups (N-O, C=O and OH) that actively reduced the bulk material to their nanoform. X-ray diffraction confirmed crystallinity for ZnO nanoparticles and a mixture of amorphous and crystallinity when the nanoparticles were doped with N and S with corresponding grain sizes of 19.02 and 18.98 nm, resp. BET plot reveals surface areas of 30 and 15 m² g^-1 for ZnO and ZnO-N,S, resp. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the morphol. and the elemental composition of the synthesized nanomaterials. Photoelectrochem. anal. affirmed the alternation of synthesized material from an n-type to a p-type conductivity as the temperature varies. The photovoltaic properties of the fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were evaluated using electrochem. impedance spectra, this has proven DSSCs assembled with the ZnO-N,S photoanode to have a better solar to elec. energy conversion (0.67%) when compared with DSSCs with ZnO photoanodes. The relatively high conversion efficiency of ZnO-N,S reveals its suitability for use in high-performance DSSCs. Moreover scaling up the material for public utilization could assist considerably to solve the perennial power crises in developing countries as well as curtain the use of fossil fuel, which is identified as a major source of pollutants to the environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2Reference of 496-16-2).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Reference of 496-16-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-N-(2-vinyloxyalkyl)indoles from dicarbonyl compounds and vinyloxyalkylamines was written by Kukharev, B. F.;Stankevich, V. K.;Klimenko, G. R.;Lobanova, N. A.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin (Translation of Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya) in 1997.Formula: C11H10O3 This article mentions the following:

N-(Vinyloxyalkyl) enamino ketones were obtained by the condensation of vinyloxyalkylamines with acetylacetone or Et acetoacetate. Their subsequent reactions with 1,4-benzoquinone produce the corresponding 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-vinyloxyalkyl)indoles in 17-43% yields. The structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzofuran-3-yl)ethanone (cas: 28241-99-8Formula: C11H10O3).

1-(5-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzofuran-3-yl)ethanone (cas: 28241-99-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Formula: C11H10O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Semisynthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Some Fraxinellone Derivatives Modified in the B Ring was written by Guo, Yong;Qu, Huan;Zhi, Xiaoyan;Yu, Xiang;Yang, Chun;Xu, Hui. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2013.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

A series of novel fraxinellone derivatives modified at the C-1 or C-8 position in the B ring were prepared as insecticidal agents against the pre-third-instar larvae of oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker at 1 mg/mL. Five key steric configurations of five compounds were further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that the kinds and the amount of the reduction products of fraxinellone were related to the molar ratio between the reduction agent Red-Al and the substrate fraxinellone. Among all of the derivatives, compounds (I) and (II), (III) and (IV) displayed more promising insecticidal activity than their precursors fraxinellone and toosendanin. The preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the lactone (B-ring) of fraxinellone contributed to the observed insecticidal activity; the double bond at the C-2 position of fraxinellone was not necessary for the insecticidal activity; conversion of the oxygen atom of carbonyl group on the lactone of fraxinellone to a sulfur one does not improve the insecticidal activity; introduction of electron-withdrawing groups on the Ph ring of (V), to the benzoyloxy series, could result in more potent compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0Category: benzofurans).

(3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Chemical constituents from the whole plants of Trifolium pratense L was written by Peng, Jing-bo;Yang, Wen-ju;Li, Zhan-lin;Gao, Yin-yin;Hua, Hui-ming. And the article was included in Shenyang Yaoke Daxue Xuebao in 2008.Electric Literature of C22H22O10 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this paper is to study the chem. constituents of dried whole plants of Trifolium pratense L. Compounds were isolated and purified repeatedly by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatog. and preparative TLC, and their chem. structures were elucidated by their physicochem. properties and spectral anal. The results showed that sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as maackiain (1), quercetin (2), pinitol (3), salicylic acid (4), calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), formononetin (6), trifolirhizin (7), sissotrin (8), daidzin (9), genistin (10), irilone (11), biochanin A (12), genistein (13), pratensein (14), daidzein (15), and ononin (16). It has been concluded that compounds 3 and 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6Electric Literature of C22H22O10).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Electric Literature of C22H22O10

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem