Day: February 6, 2023

Hemistepsin a induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating STAT3 was written by Cho, Il Je;Kim, Jae Kwang;Kim, Eun Ok;Park, Sang Mi;Kim, Sang Chan;Ki, Sung Hwan;Ku, Sae Kwang. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Hemistepta lyrata (Bunge) Bunge is a biennial medicinal plant possessing beneficial effects including anti-inflammation, and hemistepsin A (HsA) isolated from H. lyrata has been known as a hepatoprotective sesquiterpene lactone. In this report, we explored the cytotoxic effects of H. lyrata on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and investigated the associated bioactive compounds and their relevant mechanisms. From the viability results of HCC cells treated with various H. lyrata extracts, HsA was identified as the major compound contributing to the H. lyrata-mediated cytotoxicity. HsA increased expression of cleaved PARP and cells with Sub-G1 phase, Annexin V binding, and TUNEL staining, which imply HsA induces apoptosis. In addition, HsA provoked oxidative stress by decreasing the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and accumulating reactive oxygen species and glutathione-protein adducts. Moreover, HsA inhibited the transactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by its dephosphorylation at Y705 and glutathione conjugation. Stable expression of a constitutive active mutant of STAT3 prevented the reduction of cell viability by HsA. Finally, HsA enhanced the sensitivity of sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity by exaggerating oxidative stress and Y705 dephosphorylation of STAT3. Therefore, HsA will be a promising candidate to induce apoptosis of HCC cells via downregulating STAT3 and sensitizing conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Visible-Light-Induced Direct Photocatalytic Carboxylation of Indoles with CBr₄/MeOH was written by Yang, Qing-Qing;Marchini, Marianna;Xiao, Wen-Jing;Ceroni, Paola;Bandini, Marco. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Photocatalysis enables the cascade reactions of indoles and CBr₄ in MeOH through a C(sp²)-H functionalization/methanolysis sequence. The title reaction provides an efficient access to indole-2- and 3-carboxylates in a single operation (no preinstallation of protecting or directing groups was required) with good yields under mild reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Characterization of extracellular vesicles from preconditioned human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells was written by Gebner, Alec;Koch, Benjamin;Klann, Kevin;Fuhrmann, Dominik C.;Farmand, Samira;Schubert, Ralf;Muench, Christian;Geiger, Helmut;Baer, Patrick C.. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Application of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic option to support tissue and organ regeneration. The application of EVs requires particles with a maximum regenerative capability and hypoxic culture conditions as an in vitro preconditioning regimen has been shown to alter the mol. composition of released EVs. Nevertheless, the EV cargo after hypoxic preconditioning has not yet been comprehensively examined The aim of the present study was the characterization of EVs from hypoxic preconditioned ASCs. We investigated the EV proteome and their effects on renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. While no effect of hypoxia was observed on the number of released EVs and their protein content, the cargo of the proteins was altered. Proteomic anal. showed 41 increased or decreased proteins, 11 in a statistically significant manner. Furthermore, the uptake of EVs in epithelial cells and a pos. effect on oxidative stress in vitro were observed In conclusion, culture of ASCs under hypoxic conditions was demonstrated to be a promising in vitro preconditioning regimen, which alters the protein cargo and increases the anti-oxidative potential of EVs. These properties may provide new potential therapeutic options for regenerative medicine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Solid-phase supported profluorescent nitroxide probe for the determination of aerosol-borne reactive oxygen species was written by Sleiman, Mohamad;Destaillats, Hugo;Gundel, Lara A.. And the article was included in Talanta in 2013.Formula: C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals play important roles in the chem. transformation and adverse health effects of environmental aerosols. This work presents a simple and sensitive method for sampling and anal. of ROS using a packed column coated with a profluorescent nitroxide scavenger, proxyl fluorescamine (PF). Quantification was performed by extraction and anal. using HPLC with fluorescence detection. For comparison, the conventional method of collecting aerosols into dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) aqueous solution was used as a reference The method was successfully applied to the determination of ROS in a model secondary organic aerosol (SOA) system generated by ozonolysis of nicotine, as well as in secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). ROS concentrations between 50-565 nmol m^-3 were detected in fresh SOA and SHS samples. After SHS aging for 22 h, 13-18% of the initial ROS mass remained, suggesting the presence of persistent ROS. The new method offers better stability and reproducibility along with sensitivity comparable to that of DCFH (method detection limit of 3.2 and 1.4 nmol m^-3 of equivalent H₂O₂ for PF and DCFH resp.). The PF probe was stable during storage at room temperature and not reactive with ozone or NO_x, whereas DCFH in the particle-collecting liquid system was strongly influenced by ozone and NO_x interferences. This case study provides a good basis for employing solid-phase supported PF for field measurement of specific ROS in other combustion systems (i.e. biomass burning, candles, and diesel exhaust) and environmental aerosols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Formula: C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Formula: C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis and nucleophilic displacement reactions of biologically active 2,4-dichlorobenzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidines was written by Basavaraja, K. M.;Patil, V. M.;Agasimundin, Y. S.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2006.Name: 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine was converted into 2,4-dichlorobenzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine (I) by treatment with phosphorus pentachloride. The dichloro compound I was subjected to nucleophilic displacement reactions with nucleophiles such as, alkoxides, amines, azides and hydrazine. The hydrazine compounds were converted into tetracyclic benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine fused with triazole. Similar tetracyclic heterocycle containing tetrazole ring system was prepared by the diazotization of compound 2-chloro-4-hydrazinobenzofuropyrimidine and also by the reaction of dichloro compound I with one equivalent of sodium azide. The reaction of I with two equivalent of sodium azide yielded pentacyclic heterocyclic with two fused tetrazole ring system, bistetazolobenzofuropyrimidine. All the compounds thus prepared were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram pos. and Gram neg. organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7Name: 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide).

3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Name: 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Inhibitory effect of amidino-substituted heterocyclic compounds on the amidase activity of plasmin and of high and low molecular weight urokinase and on urokinase-induced plasminogen activation was written by Geratz, J. D.;Shaver, S. R.;Tidwell, R. R.. And the article was included in Thrombosis Research in 1981.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

A number of heterocyclic mono- and diamidines were examined for their inhibitory effect on urokinase and on plasmin. Interaction with both enzymes was competitive in nature, and a comparison of the inhibition constants revealed similarities as well as differences in the binding conditions between the 2 active sites. The most potent inhibitor in the series was represented by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane with K_i values of 2.3 × 10^-6M and 2.6 × 10^-6M for high-mol.-weight urokinase and plasmin, resp.,. The high- and low-mol.-weight forms of urokinase were very similar in their susceptibility to inhibition by amidines. In plasminogen activation assays, the inhibitory influence of the compounds did not parallel antiurokinase potency as expressed by the K_i values. This paradoxical behavior is still unexplained, but addnl. interaction of the compounds with plasminogen has to be considered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Detection of histamine in fish and fishery products in Osaka Prefecture (Fiscal 2015 Report) was written by Awazu, Kaoru;Takatori, Satoshi;Kakimoto, Sachiko;Nomura, Chie;Masayama, Atsushi;Yamaguchi, Mizuka;Kakimoto, You;Kajimura, Keiji. And the article was included in Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione This article mentions the following:

Histamine food poisoning is caused by ingestion of spoiled fish containing high levels of histamine. This paper reports cases in which histamine was detected in Osaka prefecture in fiscal year 2015 in a survey of fish and fishery products on the market and the food poisoning. A suspected case of histamine food poisoning was also evaluated to investigate the cause and minimize further problems. Histamine in food was separated on SPE cartridge columns, and analyzed after derivatization with fluorescamine by means of HPLC-FL. Histamine was detected in some fishery products on the market and in food that had caused poisoning. The samples in which histamine was detected were semi-dried whole round herring (Urumeiwashi-maruboshi), mackerel (Saba) and sardine dumpling (Iwashi-tsumire). These foods were the main causes of histamine food poisoning according to the report of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Government of Japan. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzoheterocycle analogues as potent antifungal agents targeting CYP51 was written by Zhao, Shizhen;Wei, Peng;Wu, Mengya;Zhang, Xiangqian;Zhao, Liyu;Jiang, Xiaolin;Hao, Chenzhou;Su, Xin;Zhao, Dongmei;Cheng, Maosheng. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Recommanded Product: 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

To further enhance the anti-Aspergillus efficacy of the previously discovered antifungal lead compound, a series of benzoheterocycle analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity. The most promising compounds I and II exhibited excellent antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. neoformans, A. fumigatus and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, that was superior or comparable to those of the reference drugs fluconazole and voriconazole. GC-MS analyses suggested that the novel compound I might have a similar mechanism to fluconazole by inhibiting fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Furthermore, compounds I and II exhibited low inhibition profiles for various human cytochrome P 450 isoforms as well as excellent blood plasma stability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Recommanded Product: 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

TBAI/TBHP mediated oxidative cross coupling of ketones with phenols and carboxylic acids: Direct access to benzofurans was written by Santhosh Kumar, P.;Ravikumar, B.;Chinna Ashalu, K.;Rajender Reddy, K.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2018.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

TBAI/TBHP mediated oxidative cross coupling of phenols and carboxylic acids with ketones has been reported under metal-free, base free, solvent free conditions enabling environmentally benign synthesis of aryloxyketones, acyloxy ketones and benzofurans. Phenoxyketones and acyloxylcarbonyl compounds were synthesized in good to high yields, where as benzofurans were synthesized in moderate yields. This method is operationally simple, works under mild conditions, using com. available as well as inexpensive TBAI and an oxidant TBHP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Luminescent metal organic frameworks-based chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer platform for turn-on detection of fluoride ion was written by Sun, Yuan;Xu, Xiaotong;Zhao, Yaxin;Tan, Haonan;Li, Yinhuan;Du, Jianxiu. And the article was included in Talanta in 2020.Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

A luminescent metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-based chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) platform was constructed for turn-on detection of fluoride ion. A hybrid MOFs was prepared by encapsulating strong fluorescence 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) into the frames of NH₂-MIL-101(Al) MOFs, which led to a significant suppression of fluorescence signal of DCF. In the presence of fluoride ion, it destroyed the structure of the hybrid MOFs and released DCF mols. from the frames due to the formation of more stable aluminum hexafluoride complex ions [AlF^3-₆] between fluoride ion and aluminum ion. The released DCF mols. accepted the energy originating from the chem. reaction of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), producing a strong chemiluminescence (CL) emission. The CL signal was strong dependent on the concentration of fluoride ion presented and showed a linear response in the range of 0.5-80.0μmol L^-1 (9.5μg L^-1-1.52 mg L^-1). The detection limit was 0.05μmol L^-1 (about 0.95μg L^-1) fluoride ion and the relative standard deviations was 2.3% for 40.0μmol L^-1 fluoride ion solution (n = 11). This MOFs-based CRET method was successfully applied to the determination of fluoride ion in drinking water samples, demonstrating its potential application in anal. of real samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem