Month: February 2023

Chemical Composition of Bee Pollen and Leishmanicidal Activity of Rhusflavone was written by Gomes, Ayala Nara Pereira;Camara, Celso Amorim;dos Santos Sousa, Alexsandro;de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos, Francisco;de Santana Filho, Paulo Cesar;Dorneles, Gilson Pires;Romao, Pedro Roosevelt Torres;Silva, Tania Maria Sarmento. And the article was included in Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Bee pollen monofloral from Attalea funifera Mart., Arecaceae, known as piacava, was analyzed with ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the profiling and structural characterization of the replicated compounds The principal compound was isolated and tested against Leishmania amazonensis. Fifty-eight compounds were identified, including one sugar, ten flavonoids, two putrescine derivatives, sixteen hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives, two coumarate derivatives, and twenty-seven lipids. The isolated compound identified as the biflavonoid rhusflavone showed high leishmanicidal activity against both promastigote (IC₅₀ = 5 μM) and amastigote (76.7% mortality at 2 μM) forms of L. amazonensis, acting via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane disruption in parasites. The compound showed low toxicity to mammalian cells and human erythrocytes, with selectivity index for erythrocytes >100 and for macrophages (CC50 macrophages/IC₅₀ amastigotes) > 10. These results indicate that rhusflavone is a promising candidate for the development of drugs against L. amazonensis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Benzofuran derivatives. XVI. Infrared spectra of coumarilic acid esters was written by Goldenberg, C.;Binon, F.. And the article was included in Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges in 1966.Electric Literature of C10H8O3 This article mentions the following:

The ir spectra of coumarilic acid esters in CS₂ showed 2 peaks in the carbonyl stretching region. Exptl. it was proved that this splitting was not due to a Fermi resonance or to the existence of dimers. The splitting was ascribed to the link XCCOOR(X = O or N) in a cyclic or acyclic structure, in which 2 rotational isomers were present in equilibrium In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Electric Literature of C10H8O3).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Electric Literature of C10H8O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Facile access to biaryls and 2-acetyl-5-arylbenzofurans via Suzuki coupling in water under thermal and microwave conditions was written by Darweesh, Ahmed F.;Shaaban, Mohamed R.;Farag, Ahmad M.;Metz, Peter;Dawood, Kamal M.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2010.Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

Phosphine-free Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-coupling reactions of activated and deactivated aryl halides and 2-acetyl-5-bromobenzofuran with various aryl- or heteroarylboronic acids were investigated. A benzothiazole-based Pd(II) complex was used as a pre-catalyst for the reactions under both thermal and microwave conditions in air using water as a solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Covalent cross-links in polyampholytic chitosan fibers enhances bone regeneration in a rabbit model was written by Ghosh, Paulomi;Rameshbabu, Arun Prabhu;Das, Dipankar;Francis, Nimmy K.;Pawar, Harpreet Singh;Subramanian, Bhuvaneshwaran;Pal, Sagar;Dhara, Santanu. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2015.Formula: C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Chitosan fibers were prepared in citric acid bath, pH 7.4 and NaOH solution at pH 13, to form ionotropically cross-linked and uncross-linked fibers, resp. The fibers formed in citric acid bath were further cross-linked via carbodiimide chem.; wherein the pendant carboxyl moieties of citric acid were used for new amide bond formation. Moreover, upon covalent crosslinking in the ionically gelled citrate-chitosan fibers, incomplete conversion of the ion pairs to amide linkages took place resulting in the formation of a dual network structure. The dual cross-linked fibers displayed improved mech. property, higher stability against enzymic degradation, hydrophobicity and superior bio-mineralization compared to the uncross-linked and native citrate cross-linked fibers. Addnl., upon cyclic loading, the ion pairs in the dual cross-linked fibers dissociated by dissipating energy and reformed during the relaxation period. The twin property of elasticity and energy dissipation mechanism makes the dual cross-linked fiber unique under dynamic mech. conditions. The differences in the physico-chem. characteristics were reflected in protein adsorption, which in turn influenced the cellular activities on the fibers. Compared to the uncross-linked and ionotropically cross-linked fibers, the dual cross-linked fibers demonstrated higher proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs in vitro as well as better osseous tissue regeneration in a rabbit model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Formula: C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Pulmonary oxidative stress in wild bats exposed to coal dust: A model to evaluate the impact of coal mining on health was written by Pedroso-Fidelis, Giulia dos Santos;Farias, Hemelin Resende;Mastella, Gustavo Antunes;Boufleur-Niekraszewicz, Liana Appel;Dias, Johnny Ferraz;Alves, Marcio Correa;Silveira, Paulo Cesar Lock;Nesi, Renata Tiscoski;Carvalho, Fernando;Zocche, Jairo Jose;Pinho, Ricardo Aurino. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2020.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to verify possible alterations involving histol. and oxidative stress parameters in the lungs of wild bats in the Carboniferous Basin of Santa Catarina (CBSC) state, Southern Brazil, as a means to evaluate the impact of coal dust on the health of wildlife. Specimens of frugivorous bat species Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium were collected from an area free of coal dust contamination and from coal mining areas. Chem. composition, histol. parameters, synthesis of oxidants and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage in the lungs of bats were analyzed. Levels of Na, Cl, Cu, and Br were higher in both species collected in the CBSC than in the controls. Levels of K and Rb were higher in A. lituratus, and levels of Si, Ca, and Fe were higher in S. lilium collected in the carboniferous basin. Both bat species inhabiting the CBSC areas exhibited an increase in the degree of pulmonary emphysema compared to their counterparts collected from control areas. Sturnira lilium showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels, while A. lituratus showed a significant decrease in nitrite levels in the CBSC samples. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not change significantly; however, the activity of catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) decreased in the A. lituratus group from CBSC compared to those in the controls. There were no differences in NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 protein (NQO1) abundance or nitrotyrosine expression among the different groups of bats. Total thiol levels showed a significant reduction in A. lituratus from CBSC, while the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in both A. lituratus and S. lilium groups from coal mining areas. Our results suggested that bats, especially A. lituratus, living in the CBSC could be used as sentinel species for harmful effects of coal dust on the lungs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice. was written by Rodrigues, Matheus Scarpatto;Pieri, Bruno Luiz da Silva;Silveira, Gustavo de Bem;Zaccaron, Rubya Pereira;Venturini, Ligia Milanez;Comin, Vitor Hugo;Luiz, Karine Damian;Silveira, Paulo Cesar Lock. And the article was included in Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) in 2020.Related Products of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice. METHODS: Thirty Swiss mice were equally divided (n=10) into three groups: Control Group, Obese Group, and Obese Group Treated with N-acetylcysteine. After obesity and insulin resistance were established, the obese mice were treated with N-acetylcysteine at a dose of 50mg/kg daily for 15 days via oral gavage. RESULTS: Higher blood glucose levels and nitrite and carbonyl contents, and lower protein levels of glutathione peroxidase and phosphorylated protein kinase B were observed in the obese group when compared with their respective control. On the other hand, treatment with N-acetylcysteine was effective in reducing blood glucose levels and nitrite and carbonyl contents, and significantly increased protein levels of glutathione peroxidase and phosphorylated protein kinase B compared to the Obese Group. CONCLUSION: Obesity and/or a high-lipid diet may result in oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the heart tissue of obese mice, and the use of N-acetylcysteine as a methodological and therapeutic strategy suggested there is a relation between them. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Related Products of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Related Products of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Visualization procedures for proteins and peptides on flat-bed monoliths and their effects on matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection was written by Wouters, Bert;Vanhoutte, Dominique J. D.;Aarnoutse, Petra;Visser, Adriaan;Stassen, Catherine;Devreese, Bart;Kok, Wim Th.;Schoenmakers, Peter J.;Eeltink, Sebastiaan. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2013.Related Products of 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

The present study concerns the application of visualization methods, i.e. coomassie-brilliant-blue-R staining (CBB-R), silver-nitrate staining, and fluorescamine labeling, and subsequent MALDI-MS anal. of intact proteins and peptides on the surface of flat-bed monoliths, intended for spatial two-dimensional chromatog. separations The use of 100-μm thick macroporous poly(Bu methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) flat-bed monoliths renders a fixation step obsolete, so that CBB-R and silver-nitrate staining and destaining could be achieved in 10-15 min as opposed to up to 24 h, as is typical on 2D-PAGE gels. The detection limits remained comparable. The compatibility of the monolithic layer with subsequent MALDI-MS anal. of individual proteins and peptide spots was investigated with regards to mass accuracy, mass precision, resolution, and signal intensity. When comparing results from MALDI-MS anal. of proteins and peptides on a flat-bed monolith to results obtained directly on stainless-steel target plates, significant losses in mass precision, signal intensity, and an increased variation in resolution were observed In addition, a loss in signal intensity up to two orders of magnitude was observed when using monolithic layers. After CCB-R and silver-nitrate staining and destaining to disrupt the protein-dye complexes no MALDI spectra with significant S/N ratios could be achieved. After fluorescamine labeling heterogeneous signals were observed, which resulted from a distribution in the number of fluorescence-labeled lysine groups and from the presence of labeled derivatives that had undergone condensation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Related Products of 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Related Products of 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The antioxidant activity of the extracts from disposition of the waste sawdust substrate from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation by the two-step hot/hot-compressed water percolation was written by Sato, Tomonori;Uehara, Kenji;Kudo, Shinji;Sakaki, Ikuko;Hayashi, Jun-ichiro;Shindo, Sho. And the article was included in Mokuzai Gakkaishi in 2022.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Disposition of the waste sawdust substrate from sawdust-based cultivation of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) is an important issue. In this study, we evaluated the physiol. activity in the water extracts of waste sawdust substrate which had been extracted, by the two-step hot/hot-compressed water percolation. The 180°C water extract of waste sawdust substrate contained some isoprenoid and high amounts of polyphenol. Addnl., high antioxidant activity was found in the 180°C water extract of the waste sawdust substrate in in vitro experiment (DPPH scavenging activity) and the human keratinocyte, HaCaT. This study suggested that the two-step hot/hot-compressed water percolation elutes the antioxidant components in the 180°C fraction from the waste sawdust substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission and induces mitochondrial protease Omi/HtrA2 in skeletal muscle was written by Wakabayashi, Yuka;Tamura, Yuki;Kouzaki, Karina;Kikuchi, Naoki;Hiranuma, Kenji;Menuki, Kunitaka;Tajima, Takafumi;Yamanaka, Yoshiaki;Sakai, Akinori;Nakayama, Keiichi I.;Kawamoto, Toshihiro;Kitagawa, Kyoko;Nakazato, Koichi. And the article was included in American Journal of Physiology in 2020.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

ALDH2 is an enzyme involved in redox homeostasis as well as the detoxification process in alc. metabolism Nearly 8% of the world′s population have an inactivating mutation in the ALDH2 gene. Herein, we report that ALDH2 is expressed in skeletal muscle and is localized to the mitochondrial fraction. Oxidative muscles had a higher amount of ALDH2 protein than glycolytic muscles. We next comprehensively investigated whether ALDH2 knockout in mice induces mitochondrial adaptations in gastrocnemius muscle (for example, content, enzymic activity, respiratory function, supercomplex formation, and functional networking). We found that ALDH2 deficiency resulted in partial mitochondrial dysfunction in gastrocnemius muscle because it increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission (2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein and MitoSOX oxidation rate during respiration) and the frequency of regional mitochondrial depolarization. Moreover, we determined whether ALDH2 deficiency and the related mitochondrial dysfunction trigger mitochondrial stress and quality control responses in gastrocnemius muscle (for example, mitophagy markers, dynamics, and the unfolded protein response). We found that ALDH2 deficiency upregulated the mitochondrial serine protease Omi/HtrA2 (a marker of the activation of a branch of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response). In summary, ALDH2 deficiency leads to greater mitochondrial ROS production, but homeostasis can be maintained via an appropriate stress response. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

An Arabidopsis mutant over-expressing subtilase SBT4.13 uncovers the role of oxidative stress in the inhibition of growth by intracellular acidification was written by Bissoli, Gaetano;Munoz-Bertomeu, Jesus;Bueso, Eduardo;Sayas, Enric;Vilcara, Edgardo A.;Felipo, Amelia;Ninoles, Regina;Rubio, Lourdes;Fernandez, Jose A.;Serrano, Ramon. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2020.Reference of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Intracellular acid stress inhibits plant growth by unknown mechanisms and it occurs in acidic soils and as consequence of other stresses. In order to identify mechanisms of acid toxicity, we screened activation-tagging lines of Arabidopsis thaliana for tolerance to intracellular acidification induced by organic acids. A ominant mutant, Sbt4.13-1D, was isolated twice and shown to over-express subtilase SBT4.13, a protease secreted into endoplasmic reticulum. Activity measurements and immuno-detection indicate that the mutant contains less plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) than wild type, explaining the small size, elec. depolarization and decreased cytosolic pH of the mutant but not organic acid tolerance. Addition of acetic acid to wild-type plantlets induces production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Acid-induced ROS production is greatly decreased in sbt4.13-1D and atrboh-D,F mutants. The latter is deficient in two major NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and is tolerant to organic acids. These results suggest that intracellular acidification activates NOXs and the resulting oxidative stress is important for inhibition of growth. The inhibition of acid-activated NOXs in the sbt4.13-1D mutant compensates inhibition of PMA to increase acid tolerance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Reference of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Reference of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem