Covalent cross-links in polyampholytic chitosan fibers enhances bone regeneration in a rabbit model was written by Ghosh, Paulomi;Rameshbabu, Arun Prabhu;Das, Dipankar;Francis, Nimmy K.;Pawar, Harpreet Singh;Subramanian, Bhuvaneshwaran;Pal, Sagar;Dhara, Santanu. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2015.Formula: C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:
Chitosan fibers were prepared in citric acid bath, pH 7.4 and NaOH solution at pH 13, to form ionotropically cross-linked and uncross-linked fibers, resp. The fibers formed in citric acid bath were further cross-linked via carbodiimide chem.; wherein the pendant carboxyl moieties of citric acid were used for new amide bond formation. Moreover, upon covalent crosslinking in the ionically gelled citrate-chitosan fibers, incomplete conversion of the ion pairs to amide linkages took place resulting in the formation of a dual network structure. The dual cross-linked fibers displayed improved mech. property, higher stability against enzymic degradation, hydrophobicity and superior bio-mineralization compared to the uncross-linked and native citrate cross-linked fibers. Addnl., upon cyclic loading, the ion pairs in the dual cross-linked fibers dissociated by dissipating energy and reformed during the relaxation period. The twin property of elasticity and energy dissipation mechanism makes the dual cross-linked fiber unique under dynamic mech. conditions. The differences in the physico-chem. characteristics were reflected in protein adsorption, which in turn influenced the cellular activities on the fibers. Compared to the uncross-linked and ionotropically cross-linked fibers, the dual cross-linked fibers demonstrated higher proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs in vitro as well as better osseous tissue regeneration in a rabbit model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Formula: C17H10O4).
4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C17H10O4
Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem