Day: February 23, 2023

Interaction of bacterial metagenome and virome in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy was written by Bajaj, Jasmohan S.;Sikaroodi, Masoumeh;Shamsaddini, Amirhossein;Henseler, Zachariah;Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha;Acharya, Chathur;Fagan, Andrew;Hylemon, Phillip B.;Fuchs, Michael;Gavis, Edith;Ward, Tonya;Knights, Dan;Gillevet, Patrick M.. And the article was included in Gut in 2021.Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11 This article mentions the following:

Altered bacterial composition is associated with disease progression in cirrhosis but the role of virome, especially phages, is unclear. Cross-sectional and pre/post rifaximin cohorts were enrolled. Cross-sectional: controls and cirrhotic outpatients (compensated, on lactulose (Cirr-L), on rifaximin (Cirr-LR)) were included and followed for 90-day hospitalisations. Pre/post: compensated cirrhotics underwent stool collection pre/post 8 wk of rifaximin. Stool metagenomics for bacteria and phages and their correlation networks were analyzed in controls vs. cirrhosis, within cirrhotics, hospitalised/not and pre/post rifaximin. Cross-sectional: 40 controls and 163 cirrhotics (63 compensated, 43 Cirr-L, 57 Cirr-LR) were enrolled. Cirr-L/LR groups were similar on model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score but Cirr-L developed greater hospitalisations vs. Cirr-LR (56% vs 30%, p = 0.008). Bacterial alpha/beta diversity worsened from controls through Cirr-LR. While phage alpha diversity was similar, beta diversity was different between groups. Autochthonous bacteria linked neg., pathobionts linked pos. with MELD but only modest phage-MELD correlations were seen. Phage-bacterial correlation network complexity was highest in controls, lowest in Cirr-L and increased in Cirr-LR. Microviridae and Faecalibacterium phages were linked with autochthonous bacteria in Cirr-LR, but not Cirr-L hospitalised patients had greater pathobionts, lower commensal bacteria and phages focused on Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Myoviridae. Pre/post: No changes in alpha/beta diversity of phages or bacteria were seen postrifaximin. Phage-bacterial linkages centered around urease-producing Streptococcus species collapsed postrifaximin. Unlike bacteria, faecal phages are sparsely linked with cirrhosis characteristics and 90-day outcomes. Phage and bacterial linkages centered on urease-producing, ammonia-generating Streptococcus species were affected by disease progression and rifaximin therapy and were altered in patients who experienced 90-day hospitalisations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis and pyrolysis mechanism of phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing isopropyl groups was written by Ling, Meiqi;Yu, Kaifeng;Wang, Jian;Wang, Honghua;Nie, Heran;Wang, Zhipeng;Zhou, Guangyuan. And the article was included in Thermochimica Acta in 2022.Recommanded Product: 496-16-2 This article mentions the following:

A novel phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) polymer containing iso-Pr groups (iPrPESC) has been successfully synthesized by S_N2 aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation reaction. The pyrolysis mechanism and behavior of iPrPESC were investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and pyrolysis combined with gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS were used to identify the thermal decomposition products and to determine the possible thermal degradation mechanism. The main mechanism for iPrPESC was one-stage pyrolysis involving main-chain random scission, and the major products of SO₂ and phenol were released from the sulfone and ether groups in iPrPESC. The thermal degradation activation energy of iPrPESC was calculated to be 151 ± 4 and 139 ± 4 kJ mol^-1 by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods, resp., which were much lower than that of phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone). Furthermore, introduction of iso-Pr groups on the main chain can significantly reduce the char yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2Recommanded Product: 496-16-2).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Recommanded Product: 496-16-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A Meta-analysis was written by Cheng, Shuping;Li, Ming;Zhang, Qingyu;Tan, Shiyun. And the article was included in Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi in 2021.Safety of (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione This article mentions the following:

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies on rifaximin in the prevention of SBP published up to July 5, 2020. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction and quality assessment were performed. RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct the meta-anal. Results A total of 13 studies (with 2207 patients in total) were included, among which there were 6 RCTs and 7 cohort studies. The results of the meta-anal. showed that compared with the non-prevention group, the rifaximin group had significantly lower incidence rate of SBP (odds ratio [OR]=0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.96, P=0.04) and mortality rate (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.37-0.95, P=0.03); compared with the norfloxacin group, the rifaximin group had significantly lower incidence rate of SBP (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.25-0.62, P<0.001), mortality rate (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.92, P=0.02), and adverse reactions (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.59, P<0.001). The subgroup anal. based on the type of prevention showed that there was no significant difference in primary prevention between the two groups (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.23-1.35, P=0.20), and in secondary prevention, the rifaximin group had a significantly lower incidence rate of SBP (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.43, P<0.001). In addition, it was also found that rifaximin significantly reduced the incidence rate of hepatorenal syndrome (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.15-0.77, P=0.01) and hepatic encephalopathy (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.95, P=0.03). Conclusion Rifaximin is safe and effective for the primary and secondary prevention of SBP. Rifaximin is superior to norfloxacin in secondary prevention, which still needs to be confirmed by high-quality multicenter RCTs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Safety of (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Safety of (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A mild and efficient amidation of cyclic ethers catalyzed by rhodium caprylate was written by Gu, Ling-Hui;Zhang, Dan-Dan;Qi, Qing-Rong;Yin, Ping;He, Ling. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran This article mentions the following:

A small quantity of Rh₂(O₂CC₇H₁₅)₄ catalyzed the α-amidation of cyclic ethers under mild conditions, in the presence of electron-withdrawing p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide/PhI(OAc)₂ as the nitrene source, in CH₂Cl₂. The corresponding N-substituted amino cyclic ethers were successfully obtained in good yields, e.g., I, and compatibility with other oxidant sensitive structures in one-pot reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (cas: 17403-47-3Application In Synthesis of 5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran).

5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (cas: 17403-47-3) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of 5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

5-Nitro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one was written by Han, Xin-Yi;Shi, Ya-Bin;Shen, Hong;Bai, Shu-Yuan;Wang, Hai-Bo. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2012.Safety of 5-Nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C₈H₅NO₄, essentially planar mols. [largest deviation from the least-squares plane = 0.030(2) Å] form stacks along the a-axis direction. Intercentroid separations between overlapping benzene rings within the stack are 3.6594(12) Å and 3.8131(12) Å. Mols. from neighboring stacks are linked by weak C-H···O H bonds into inversion dimers. Crystallog. data and at. coordinates are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 21997-23-9Safety of 5-Nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 21997-23-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Safety of 5-Nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The SOS chromotest: direct assay of the expression of gene sfiA as a measure of genotoxicity of chemicals was written by Quillardet, Philippe;Huisman, Olivier;D’Ari, Richard;Hofnung, Maurice. And the article was included in Biochimie in 1982.COA of Formula: C8H5NO3 This article mentions the following:

A gene fusion, placing the lacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase under the control of the sfiA promoter, was used to construct a new tester strain for genotoxic agents. The assay is performed in a few hours and involves simple enzymic assays. The dose-response curves contain a linear portion which allows the SOS Inducing Potency (SOSIP) of compounds to be defined. For the compounds tested, SOSIPs extend over 7 decades and correlate generally well with the mutagenic potency assayed in the Salmonella/microsome assay (Mutatest) and in a phage induction assay (Inductest). Sensitivities (lowest amount detected) are comparable in the SOS Chromotest and Mutatest but lower in the Inductest. Apparently, at least part of the response in the Mutatest depends on the induction of an SOS function, and most of the genotoxins are inducers of the SOS system, i.e., can lead to activation of the RecA protease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5COA of Formula: C8H5NO3).

2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.COA of Formula: C8H5NO3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Tritium labelling of a cholesterol amphiphile designed for cell membrane anchoring of proteins was written by Schaefer, Balazs;Orban, Erika;Kele, Zoltan;Toemboely, Csaba. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals in 2015.Quality Control of 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Cell membrane association of proteins can be achieved by the addition of lipid moieties to the polypeptide chain, and such lipid-modified proteins have important biol. functions. A class of cell surface proteins contains a complex glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid at the C-terminus, and they are accumulated in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, i.e., lipid rafts. Semisynthetic lipoproteins prepared from recombinant proteins and designed lipids are valuable probes and model systems of the membrane-associated proteins. Because GPI-anchored proteins can be reinserted into the cell membrane with the retention of the biol. function, they are appropriate candidates for preparing models via reduction of the structural complexity. A synthetic headgroup was added to the 3β-hydroxyl group of cholesterol, an essential lipid component of rafts, and the resulting cholesterol derivative was used as a simplified GPI mimetic. In order to quantitate the membrane integrated GPI mimetic after the exogenous addition to live cells, a tritium labeled cholesterol anchor was prepared The radioactive label was introduced into the headgroup, and the radiolabeled GPI mimetic anchor was obtained with a specific activity of 1.37 TBq/mmol. The headgroup labeled cholesterol derivative was applied to demonstrate the sensitive detection of the cell membrane association of the anchor under in vivo conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9Quality Control of 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Quality Control of 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Potent Heterocyclic Ligands for Human Complement C3a Receptor was written by Reid, Robert C.;Yau, Mei-Kwan;Singh, Ranee;Hamidon, Johan K.;Lim, Junxian;Stoermer, Martin J.;Fairlie, David P.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

The G-protein coupled receptor (C3aR) for human inflammatory protein complement C3a is an important component of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. A flexible compound (N2-[(2,2-diphenylethoxy)acetyl]-L-arginine, designated compound 4) known as a weak C3aR antagonist (IC₅₀ μM), was transformed here into potent agonists (EC₅₀ nM) of human macrophages (Ca²⁺ release in HMDM) by incorporating aromatic heterocycles. Antagonists were also identified. A linear correlation between binding affinity for C3aR and calculated hydrogen-bond interaction energy of the heteroatom indicated that its hydrogen-bonding capacity influenced ligand affinity and function mediated by C3aR. Hydrogen-bond accepting heterocycles (e.g., imidazole) conferred the highest affinity and agonist potency (e.g., 21, EC₅₀ 24 nM, Ca²⁺, HMDM) with comparable efficacy and immunostimulatory activity as that of C3a in activating human macrophages (Ca²⁺, IL1β, TNFα, CCL3). These potent and selective modulators of C3aR, inactivated by a C3aR antagonist, are stable C3a surrogates for interrogating roles for C3aR in physiol. and disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, H-Arg(Pbf)-OH (cas: 200115-86-2Category: benzofurans).

H-Arg(Pbf)-OH (cas: 200115-86-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Brewer’s spent grain pyrolysis kinetics and evolved gas analysis for the sustainable phenolic compounds and fatty acids recovery potential was written by Sobek, S.;Zeng, K.;Werle, S.;Junga, R.;Sajdak, M.. And the article was included in Renewable Energy in 2022.Application of 496-16-2 This article mentions the following:

Within the presented paper, a thermochem. conversion via pyrolysis of spent grain from the local brewery (Alternatywa, Ruda Slaska, Poland) for phenolic compounds and fatty acids recovery is presented. Thermogravimetric pyrolysis was carried out at non-isothermal conditions (1, 2, and 4 K/min), under an inert N₂ atmosphere. Deconvolution procedure for the kinetic modeling was implemented using own algorithm based on Gaussian function, using 3-stage kinetic mechanism, ascribed to the independent decomposition of the pseudo-components i.e., hemicellulose, cellulose, and bulk lignin-extractives. Released volatiles during pyrolysis was evaluated and recognized using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy anal., which confirmed the high content of fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen compounds, with shares of 23.95%, 13.94%, and 25.10% resp. Linkage of the desired product formations to the modeled kinetic stages of the BSG pyrolysis is a complex subject, and it is encouraged for future studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2Application of 496-16-2).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Application of 496-16-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of Nostosin B was written by Wang, Xiaoji;Feng, Junmin;Xu, Zhengshuang;Ye, Tao;Meng, Yi;Zhang, Zhiyu. And the article was included in Marine Drugs in 2017.Application of 200115-86-2 This article mentions the following:

Nostosins A and B were isolated from a hydrophilic extract of Nostoc sp. strain from Iran, which exhibits excellent trypsin inhibitory activity. Nostosin A was the most potent natural tripeptide aldehyde as trypsin inhibitor up to now. Both R- and S-2-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)butanoic acid (Hhpba) were prepared and incorporated into the total synthesis of nostosin B, resp. Careful comparison of the NMR spectra and optical rotation data of syntheticnostosin B (two isomers) with the natural product led to the unambiguous identification of the R-configuration of the Hhpba fragment, which was further confirmed by co-injection with the authentic sample on HPLC using both reversed phase column and the chiral AD-RH column. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, H-Arg(Pbf)-OH (cas: 200115-86-2Application of 200115-86-2).

H-Arg(Pbf)-OH (cas: 200115-86-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Application of 200115-86-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem