Day: February 9, 2023

Improving the in vitro ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay with RTL-W1 by metabolic normalization and use of β-naphthoflavone as the reference substance was written by Heinrich, Patrick;Diehl, Ulrike;Foerster, Franziska;Braunbeck, Thomas. And the article was included in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay is a widely applied method for the evaluation of the dioxin-like activity of single substances and environmental samples. As for most enzyme assays, the specific activity is normally related to total protein contents, the determination of which has clear limitations in high-throughput assays. EROD induction potentials are usually expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent, a substance highly toxic to humans. In order to compensate for these shortcomings, two modifications of the EROD protocol are proposed: (1) EROD activity is normalized to the metabolic activity of the cells as determined by a modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium (MTT) assay and expressed as metabolic cell equivalent (MCE) based on MTT data rather than to protein contents. Via MCE data, cytotoxicity information can always be reported in parallel to EROD data; with the protocol presented here, MTT and EROD data are collected simultaneously. (2) Among several reference substances tested (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), β-naphthoflavone and benzo[a]pyrene), β-naphthoflavone proved to be the most suitable reference for the routine in vitro EROD assay, although TCDD has generally been preferred for purely scientific reasons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of pyrimidines and pyrazoles from 3-acyl-5-halobenzofurans was written by Takagi, Kaname;Ueda, Takeo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1975.Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

Pyrimidines I (R = Cl, Br, R1 = Me, Ph, R2 = NH2, Me, NHCN) were prepared by treating the benzofurans II with R2C(:NH)NH2. III (X = S) were similarly obtained with thiourea. Hydrolysis of I (R = Cl, Br, R1 = Me, R2 = NHCN) gave III (X = O), whereas I (R = Cl, Br, R1 = Ph, R2 = NHCN) gave I (R2 = NHCONH2). Reaction of II with N2H4 gave the pyrazoles IV. II were prepared by treating 5,2-R(HO)C6H3CHO with ClCH2COMe, reducing the 2-acetyl-5-halobenzofurans, and the Friedel-Crafts acylation of the 2-ethyl-5-halobenzofurans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The First General and Selective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Arylboronates: Interplay among Benzoquinone-Ligated Palladium(0) Complex, Organoboron, and Alcohol Solvent was written by Yamamoto, Yoshihiko. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2010.SDS of cas: 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

Methoxycarbonylation of aryl- and alkenylboron compounds was performed using the palladium(II) acetate/triphenylphosphine [Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃] catalyst with p-benzoquinone as a stoichiometric oxidant in methanol at ambient temperature to obtain the corresponding Me esters in good yields. A wide variety of functional groups including various carbonyl functionalities, nitrile, nitro, sulfone, and unprotected pyrrole rings were tolerated in the methoxycarbonylation, while the use of higher alcs. except for tert-butanol afforded various p-chlorobenzoates in moderate to high yields. The catalytic alkoxycarbonylation proceeded without any acid or base additive, and an oxidative transmetalation step is proposed to explain the exceptional efficacy of this protocol. DFT and MP2 calculations support the proposed mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1SDS of cas: 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.SDS of cas: 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Technetium-99m Labeled Pyridyl Benzofuran Derivatives as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging Probes for β-Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer’s Brains was written by Cheng, Yan;Ono, Masahiro;Kimura, Hiroyuki;Ueda, Masashi;Saji, Hideo. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Three novel ^99mTc-labeled pyridyl benzofuran derivatives were tested as potential probes for imaging β-amyloid plaques using single photon emission computed tomog. (SPECT). The ^99mTc and corresponding rhenium complexes were synthesized with bis(aminoethanethiol) (BAT) as a chelating ligand. All Re complexes showed affinity for Aβ(1-42) aggregates (K_i = 13.6-149.6 nM). Biodistribution experiments in normal mice revealed that the ^99mTc-labeled derivatives displayed sufficient uptake in the brain (1.41-1.80% ID/g at 2 min postinjection). Notably, [^99mTc]BAT-Bp-2 showed a good initial uptake (1.80% ID/g at 2 min) and a reasonable washout from the brain (0.79% ID/g at 60 min). Ex vivo autoradiog. with [^99mTc]BAT-Bp-2 revealed substantial labeling of β-amyloid plaques in sections of brain tissue from Tg2576 transgenic mice but not in the age-matched controls. [^99mTc]BAT-Bp-2 may be a potential SPECT probe for imaging β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s brains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (5-Methoxybenzofuran-2-yl)boronic acid (cas: 551001-79-7Category: benzofurans).

(5-Methoxybenzofuran-2-yl)boronic acid (cas: 551001-79-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Oxidative cyclization of 3-oxopropanenitriles mediated manganese(III) acetate with 2-thienyl substituted alkenes was written by Yilmaz, Mehmet;Uzunalioglu, Nese;Yakut, Mehtap;Pekel, A. Tarik. And the article was included in Turkish Journal of Chemistry in 2008.Electric Literature of C10H8O3 This article mentions the following:

The oxidative cyclization of 3-oxopropanenitriles with alkenes containing 2-thienyl group by manganese(III) acetate was studied. Treatment of 3-oxopropanenitriles with 2-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]thiophene gave 4-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles in moderate yields (52%-60%). 5-(2-Thienyl) substituted 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles were obtained by the oxidative cyclization of these 3-oxopropanenitriles with 2-[(E)-1-methyl-2-phenylvinyl]thiophene in good yields (54%-68%). In addition, the reactions of 2-(1-phenylvinyl)thiophene with various 3-oxopropanenitriles produced 4,5-dihydrofurans containing heterocycle in 77%-91% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Electric Literature of C10H8O3).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Electric Literature of C10H8O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Microstructural Aspects of Particle-Assisted Breath Figures in Polystyrene-Alumina Hybrid Free Standing Film was written by Vijaya, Lakshmi;Rajan, Ramya;Raju, Annu;Rajan, Thazhavilai Ponnu Devaraj;Pavithran, Chorappan. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2017.Recommanded Product: 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Polystyrene-alumina hybrid free standing films with amino-functionalized breath figure (BF) cavities were fabricated from a suspension of the amino-functionalized amphiphilic-modified alumina particles in polystyrene/chloroform solution by employing a one-step casting process. The role of the film thickness and the particle concentration on the BF microstructural aspects such as the pore size, pore d., amino group surface d., etc. was reported. The dry film thickness increased from 0.91 to 5.6 μm on increasing the wet film thickness from 0.2 to 1 mm. The pore size increased with the film thickness, while the pore d. and the porosity decreased. Relatively uniform pore size was observed for an ∼3 μm thick film in which the moderately ordered BF pattern was more or less maintained up to a particle concentration of 5 wt % of the polystyrene content. While the 0.91 μm thick film exhibited through-pore structure, concavities were formed in thicker films. The particle-assisted BF formation favored the formation of amino-functionalized cavities. The surface d. of the amino functionality reduced on increasing the film thickness, whereas the d. increased with the particle concentration The implications were discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Recommanded Product: 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Recommanded Product: 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles to enhance aging resistance of asphalt binder was written by Karnati, Sidharth Reddy;Oldham, Daniel;Fini, Elham H.;Zhang, Lifeng. And the article was included in Construction and Building Materials in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Oxidation aging of asphalt pavement is among most prevalent factors causing pavement distresses. Introduction of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) has been found promising to reduce oxidation aging of asphalt binder. However, the effectiveness of SNPs is limited by their poor dispersion caused mainly by SNP agglomeration requiring significant mech. energy in processing to ensure dispersion. This paper examined merits of surface functionalization of SNPs with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to improve its dispersion in asphalt binder using conventional processing techniques at relatively high loading of SNPs with low mech. energy input. The morphol., size, amount of amine functional groups of APTES surface-modified SNPs (APTES-SNPs) were characterized and optimized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence measurement. The comparison between the surface-modified and pristine SNPs on the anti-aging and rheol. properties of asphalt binder was conducted. The asphalt binders which contained APTES-SNPs demonstrated much better resistance to oxidative aging as evidenced by enhanced rheol. properties compared to those containing pristine SNPs. The findings from this research provides insights as to the effect of APTES-SNPs on aging resistance of asphalt binder. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.HPLC of Formula: 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Ultraviolet spectra of some nitrobenzofurans and some nitrocumarilic acids was written by Andrisano, Renato;Duro, Francesco;Pappalardo, Giovanni. And the article was included in Gazzetta Chimica Italiana in 1956.Name: Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Spectra of benzofuran derivatives (wave length of maxima in A. and ε values in parentheses): 2-NO₂, 2240 (4.31), 2965 (4.02), 3350 (3.92); 4-NO₂ (I), m. 99-100°, 2160 (3.60), 3240 (3.97); 5-NO₂, 2380 (4.43), 2820 (3.83); 6-NO₂, 2235 (4.08), 3055 (4.03); 7-NO₂, 2200 (4.11); 2980 (3.87). Derivatives of coumarilic acid: 4-NO₂ (II), m. 243-4°, 2400 (4.18), 3085 (3.87), 3400 (3.89); 5-NO₂, 2250 (4.57), 2990 (barely perceptible shoulder (III)) (3.84); 6-NO₂, 2140 (4.21), 2270 (4.13), 3130 (4.17); 7-NO₂, 2520 (4.47), 2910 (III) (3.84). Me cumarilate (IV): 2180 (3.94); 2730 (4.28); derivatives of (IV): 4-NO₂, m. 162-3°, 2420 (4.13), 3080 (4.02), 3240 (4.01); 5-NO₂, m. 164-5°, 2560 (4.54), 2950 (III) (3.70); 6-NO₂, m. 147-8°, 2140 (4.15), 2260 (4.10), 2990 (4.25); 7-NO₂, m. 164-5°, 2250 (4.51), 2950 (III) (3.69). II is prepared in 42% yield by adding 0.2 mole salicylaldehyde in 100 ml. MeCOEt to 0.26 mole BrCH(CO₂Et)₂ and 0.3 mole K₂CO₃, refluxing 5 hrs., evaporating most solvent, dissolving the residue in H₂O, acidifying with H₂SO₄, extracting with Et₂O, evaporating the solvent, refluxing the residue 1 hr. with 10% alc. KOH, evaporating the alc., dissolving the residue in H₂O, acidifying with H₂SO₄, dissolving the precipitate in dilute NH₃, filtering, and acidifying the filtrate. I is prepared in 85% yield by refluxing 0.1 mole II in 100 ml. quinoline 1.5 hr. with 1.5 g. powd. Cu, diluting with Et₂O, filtering, washing with 2N HCl and H₂O, evaporating the solvent, and crystallizing the residue or subliming it in vacuo. IV and derivatives are prepared in 89-95% yield by dissolving the acids in MeOH, saturating the solution with HCl in the cold, refluxing 0.5 hr., adding to H₂O, extracting with Et₂O, and evaporating the solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Name: Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Name: Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Lithiation in flavones, chromones, coumarins, and benzofuran derivatives was written by Costa, Ana M. B. S. R. C. S.;Dean, Francis M.;Jones, Michael A.;Varma, Rajender S.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1985.Reference of 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

Flavones were lithiated in the 3-position by LiN(CHMe₂)₂ in THF at -78° to give stable derivatives which were readily converted to the corresponding carboxy, ethoxycarbonyl, mercapto, methylthio, trimethylsilyl, hydroxy, or other derivatives E.g., treatment of flavone with LiN(CHMe₂)₂ in THF at -78° gave 3-lithioflavone which reacted with CO₂ to give 92% 3-flavonecarboxylic acid. Benzofurans were preferentially lithiated at the 2-position; where this was blocked lithiation occurred in the 3-position in the presence of an activating group. Ring-opening of benzofurans occurred in some cases giving acetylenic phenols directly. Chromenes were lithiated at positions 2 and 3, depending on substitution. Coumarins generally behaved as esters and gave the corresponding amides with LiN(CHMe₂)₂, except for 4-methoxycoumarin which underwent lithiation in the 3-position. Deprotonation in the 32-position in ethers occurs easily only when there is an ether link antiperiplanar to the proton removed. The lithiated species are really unstable intermediates in trans eliminations leading to alkyne derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Reference of 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Reference of 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Aminodextran-coated potassium niobate (KNbO₃) nanocrystals for second harmonic bio-imaging was written by Ladj, Rachid;Magouroux, Thibaud;Eissa, Mohamed;Dubled, Marc;Mugnier, Yannick;Dantec, Ronan Le;Galez, Christine;Valour, Jean-Pierre;Fessi, Hatem;Elaissari, Abdelhamid. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2013.Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione This article mentions the following:

Potassium niobate (KNbO₃) nanocrystals exhibiting good second harmonic generation properties were coated with dextran derivatives containing primary amine groups. The surface modification results from attractive electrostatic interaction between the aminodextran mols. and the neg. charged surface of bare KNbO₃ nanocrystals. To avoid flocculation, a suspension of KNbO₃ nanocrystals was firstly prepared and then added drop-wise to an aqueous solution of aminodextran. The as-prepared hybrid (AD-coated KNbO₃) nanoparticles were then characterized by using various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR anal. (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements as a function of pH of the dispersion medium. Then, the prepared AD- coated KNbO₃ nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro diagnostic application as biomarker for non-tumor lung-derived human cells. The obtained results showed that the aminodextran-coated KNbO₃ nanoparticles were efficiently bound to the non-tumor lung-derived human cells, which was proved by using a com. Nikon multi-photon imaging platform. In addition, AD-coated KNbO₃ nanoparticles showed good optical contrast for the investigated cells, and consequently they can be efficiently used as contrast agents in the bio-imaging diagnostic domain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Application In Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem