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Carbonation-induced corrosion: Investigation of the corrosion onset

There are different views in the literature on the relationship between the location of the carbonation front and the onset of reinforcement corrosion. Theoretically, corrosion starts when the carbonation front reaches the reinforcement, but some authors have observed an apparent earlier start of corrosion. In the present study, mortar samples with and without reinforcement were exposed for up to 22 weeks to 20 C, 60% RH and 1.5% CO2. The state of the reinforcement was monitored by potential measurements. The carbonation of the bulk and the mortar-steel interface was detected by spraying a pH indicator on a freshly split or cut surface. Good agreement was found between low potential values (compared to reinforcement in the passive state) and the carbonation of the mortar-steel interface. A difference in the spatial variation of the carbonation depth was observed between plain and reinforced samples. The differences found in the literature between the location of the carbonation front and the corrosion onset can probably be explained by the spatial variation of the carbonation depth in the vicinity of the reinforcement.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H4269O – PubChem

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione

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An article , which mentions 14963-96-3, molecular formula is C9H6O4. The compound – 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione played an important role in people’s production and life., 14963-96-3

The Discovery of Potent Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: A New Class of Potent Antihypertensives

A new class of potent antihypertensives has been discovered that exert their effect through blockade of the angiotensin II (AII) receptor.Most AII antagonists reported so far are peptide mimics of the endogenous vasoconstrictor octapeptide angiotensin II.The compounds of this paper are nonpeptides and therefore constitute a new class of potent AII receptor antagonists.Based on the overlap of a conformation of AII with literature lead 3, a hypothesis was developed suggesting the need for an additional acidic functionality to increase the lead’s potency.The substitution of an additional carboxylic acid resulted in a 10-fold increase in binding affinity observed for diacid 4.The binding affinities for subsequent compounds were eventually increased 1000-fold over that of the literature leads through a systematic SAR study.Thus the AII receptor binding affinity of 15 muM for literature lead 1, for example, was increased to 0.018 and 0.012 muM for compounds 33 and 53.A structure-affinity relationship has been found requiring the presence of four key elements for good activity: (1) an additional phenyl ring at the N-benzyl para position of the benzylimidazole nucleus, (2) an acidic functionality at the ortho position of the terminal aromatic ring, (3) a lipophilic side chain at the imidazole 2-position of three to five carbon atoms in length, and (4) a group at the imidazole 5-position capable of hydrogen bonding.The synthesis as well as the pharmacological activity of the compounds in this new series of AII receptor antagonists are presented.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H2870O – PubChem

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In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. 652-39-1, At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 652-39-1, name is 4-Fluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 652-39-1

Ru-Catalyzed Selective C-H Bond Hydroxylation of Cyclic Imides

We report on cyclic imides as weak directing groups for selective monohydroxylation reactions using ruthenium catalysis. Whereas acyclic amides are known to promote the hydroxylation of the C(sp2)-H bond enabling five-membered ring ruthenacycle intermediates, the cyclic imides studied herein enabled the hydroxylation of the C(sp2)-H bond via larger six-membered ruthenacycle intermediates. Furthermore, monohydroxylated products were exclusively obtained (even in the presence of overstoichiometric amounts of reagents), which was rationalized by the difficulty to accommodate coplanar intermediates once the first hydroxyl group was introduced into the substrate. The same reactivity was observed in the presence of palladium catalysts.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H2566O – PubChem

The important role of 496-41-3

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496-41-3, Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In a patent, 496-41-3, molecular formula is C9H6O3, introducing its new discovery.

NOVEL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE

The present invention provides novel compounds of the general formula (I), their derivatives, analogs, tautomeric forms, stereoisomers, polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions, metabolites and prodrugs thereof. The novel compounds are useful as antibacterial agents in the treatment of conditions such as nosocomial pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia, infections caused by vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Heamophilus influenzae (HI) and penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). The compounds of the present invention are effective against a number of human or animal pathogens including VRE, PRSP, HI and MRSA.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H1685O – PubChem

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125-20-2, Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 125-20-2, Name is Thymolphthalein

Basic aspects and applications of tristimulus colorimetry

A detailed account of the specification of colour using the 1931 Commission International de L’Eclairage tristimulus coordinates and subsequent colour spaces for the measurement of small differences in colour is provided along with a review of the application of quantitative parameters for the evaluation of colour changes of acid-base and complexometric indicators. The development of screened indicators to improve the quality of colour changes at the equivalence point is discussed. Various computer programs proposed to calculate the different parameters by different algorithms are reviewed. A detailed account of the specification of colour rising the 1931 Commission International de L’Eclairage tristimulus coordinates and subsequent colour spaces for the measurement of small differences in colour is provided along with a review of the application of quantitative parameters for the evaluation of colour changes of acid base and complexometric indicators. The development of screened indicators to improve the quality of colour changes at the equivalence point is discussed. Various computer programs proposed to calculate the different parameters by different algorithms are reviewed.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H4331O – PubChem

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A new process for deprotection of acetyl and benzoyl groups in synthesis of azacitidine

4-Amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-s-triazin-2(1H)-one or azacitidine is a promising DNA demethylation inhibitor used for the treatment of myloneplastic, bone cancer and breast cancer. An efficient, cost-effective and convenient manufacturing process for the synthesis of azacitidine is described. The present research relates to the synthesis, deprotection, isolation and purification of azacitidine (1). In this process, more particularly 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) is used as deprotection reagent for deprotection of O-acetyl, O-benzoyl to acquire azacitidine (1). The new process allows for the reliable and efficient production of drug substance similar overall yield. The new improved process has merits including enantiomeric purity, better crystallization and the product complies with the requirements of USP30.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H1621O – PubChem

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, 501892-90-6, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time.In a article, authors is Mekhail, Tarek, mentioned the application of 501892-90-6, Name is Methyl 3-bromobenzofuran-5-carboxylate, molecular formula is C10H7BrO3

Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of oral brivanib in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors

The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, metabolism, routes and extent of elimination, and safety of a single oral dose of 14C-labeled brivanib alaninate and the safety and tolerability of brivanib after multiple doses in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. This was a two-part, single-center, open-label, single oral-dose (part A) followed by multiple-dose (part B) study in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. In part A, patients received a single dose of [ 14C]brivanib alaninate and in part B patients received 800 mg of nonradiolabeled brivanib alaninate every day. Four patients (two white, two black: two with non-small-cell lung cancer, one with ovarian cancer, and one with renal cell carcinoma) were treated in both parts. The median time to reach the maximal plasma concentration of brivanib was 1 h, geometric mean maximal plasma concentration was 6146 ng/ml, mean terminal half-life was 13.8 h, and geometric mean apparent oral clearance was 14.7 l/h. After a single oral dose of [14C]brivanib alaninate, 12.2 and 81.5% of administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and feces, respectively. Brivanib alaninate was completely converted to the active moiety, brivanib, and the predominant route of elimination was fecal. Renal excretion of unchanged brivanib was minimal. Brivanib was well tolerated; fatigue was the most frequent adverse event occurring in all patients and the most frequent treatment-related adverse event in three (75%). The best clinical response in one patient was stable disease; the other three had progressive disease. Brivanib alaninate was rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized after a single 800-mg oral dose; the majority of drugrelated radioactivity was excreted in feces. Copyright

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3969O – PubChem

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501892-90-6, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 501892-90-6, Name is Methyl 3-bromobenzofuran-5-carboxylate, molecular formula is C10H7BrO3. In a Chapter, authors is Pike, Kurt G.£¬once mentioned of 501892-90-6

Inhibitors of the fibroblast growth factor receptor

Signaling through the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase is crucial to a number of key pharmacological processes; however, dysregulation of this signaling is observed with a number of different cancers suggesting that inhibition of FGFR may provide an important therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancers. This chapter provides an overview of the development of FGFR inhibitors beginning with the identification of nonselective FGFR inhibitors, then describing the medicinal chemistry optimization resulting in the delivery of a number of highly selective FGFR inhibitors, some of which are currently being assessed in clinical trials. The development of isoform selective FGFR inhibitors as well as covalent inhibitors and inhibitors of the inactive form of FGFR are also described.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3974O – PubChem

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Access to Multifunctionalized Benzofurans by Aryl Nickelation of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of the Anti-Arrhythmic Drug Amiodarone

An unconventional nickel-catalyzed reaction was developed for the synthesis of multifunctionalized benzofurans from alkyne-tethered phenolic esters. The transformation involves the generation of a nucleophilic vinyl NiII species by the regioselective syn-aryl nickelation of an alkyne, which then undergoes an intramolecular cyclization with phenol ester to yield highly functionalized 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with 3-benzofuranyl and (hetero)aryl substituents. The methodology can be used for the late-stage benzofuran incorporation of various drug molecules and natural products, such as 2-propylvaleric acid, gemfibrozil, biotin, and lithocholic acid. Furthermore, this arylative cyclization method was successfully applied for the efficient synthesis of the anti-arrhythmic drug amiodarone.

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Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of 2-Methylbenzofuran

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In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 4265-25-2, name is 2-Methylbenzofuran, introducing its new discovery. 4265-25-2

A new 3D conceptual structure modeling of biochars by molecular mechanic and molecular dynamic simulation

Purpose: The combination of analytical chemistry and simulation methods provides more complete information about biochars. Materials and methods: The biochars prepared by pyrolysis of the crop straw at 300 and 500?C were investigated by elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry to build the 2D structural models of biochars. The most stable and balanced 3D conformations were gained by optimizing in the optimized potential for liquid simulation (OPLS) force field of molecular mechanic and molecular dynamic simulation of HyperChem software. Results and discussion: There were few O-containing and N-containing compounds in biochars. According to the results of Py-GC-MS, 41 and 28 pyrolysis products were identified for the building of the conceptual models of 300 and 500?C biochars. Solid-state 13C NMR data also demonstrated that there were very high values of unsaturated C in biochars. The agreement between elemental concentration and chemical functional groups of two simulated models and experimental biochars was successfully achieved. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) properties were calculated and indicated the correlation of molecular structures with properties such as surface area, volume, polarizability, refractivity, and hydration energy. Conclusions: The conceptual structural models of corn straw biochars produced at 300 and 500?C were C78H68N2O25 and C59H29NO10, respectively. The simulation results showed that the 3D structure of the 300?C biochar with ?4 charges and the nonprotonated 3D structure of the 500?C biochar were the most stable. Deprotonation reaction is an endothermic process.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H351O – PubChem