Tag: M.W:100-200

Name: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate, is researched, Molecular C6H11ClO3, CAS is 90866-33-4, about Sequential pretreatment of bamboo shoot shell and biosynthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate in aqueous-butyl acetate media. Author is Gu, Ting; Wang, Bingqian; Zhang, Ziwei; Wang, Ziteng; Chong, Ganggang; Ma, Cuiluan; Tang, Yajie; He, Yucai.

Organic solvent of low log P value could be used to remove hemicellulose and lignin in bamboo shoot shell (BSS). Combination pretreatment with biocompatible Bu acetate (Log P = 1.7, 10 v%) and dilute sodium acetate (NaAc, 2 wt%) was chosen to pretreat BSS by autoclaving (110°C, 40 min, pretreatment severity factor Log R0 = 3.2) for enhancing enzymic in situ saccharification of BSS. In the BSS-hydrolyzates, soluble sugars (500 mM glucose, 419.3 mM xylose, 29.9 mM cellobiose and 129.4 mM arabinose) significantly increased the intracellular NADH content and the biocatalytic activity of recombinant E. coli CCZU-H15 whole-cells when 500 mM Et 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) were biol. converted. Et (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate [(R)-CHBE] was obtained at 98.5% yield without extra addition of cofactor. In summary, this strategy involving combination pretreatment, enzymic hydrolysis without washing/detoxification, and bioreduction of COBE has high potential application for the effective biosynthesis of (R)-CHBE.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 90866-33-4, is researched, Molecular C6H11ClO3, about Asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate with two co-existing, recombinant Escherichia coli strains, the main research direction is recombinant Escherichia asym reduction.SDS of cas: 90866-33-4.

Two recombinant strains, E. coli M15 (pQE30-alr0307) and E. coli M15 (pQE30-gdh0310), which were constructed to express, resp., an NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase gene and a glucose dehydrogenase gene, were mixed in an appropriate ratio and used for the asym. reduction of Et 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to Et (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. The former strain acted as catalyst and the latter functioned in NADPH regeneration. The biotransformation was completed effectively without any addition of glucose dehydrogenase or NADP+/NADPH. An optical purity of 99 (ee) was obtained and the product yield reached 90.5 from 28.5 mM substrate.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Santaniello, Enzo; Ferraboschi, Patrizia; Grisenti, Paride; Manzocchi, Ada; Trave, Susanna published an article about the compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate( cas:90866-33-4,SMILESS:O=C(OCC)C[C@@H](O)CCl ).Safety of (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:90866-33-4) through the article.

At 25°, the pig liver esterase-catalyzed hydrolyses of RCH(OR1)CH2CO2Et (I; R = Ph, CH2Cl; R1 = H) proceed in aqueous phosphate buffer with moderate enantioselectivity, which is increased in 20% aqueous EtOH. When the hydroxy group is protected as acetate, the enantioselectivity of the enzymic reaction in water is generally improved, but cleavage of the acetoxy group competes with hydrolysis of the alkoxycarbonyl moiety. In 20% aqueous EtOH the acetoxy group of I (R = Ph, CH2Cl; R1 = Ac) is preferentially hydrolyzed, and the enantiomeric excess reaches 52-90%.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

COA of Formula: C6H11ClO3. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate, is researched, Molecular C6H11ClO3, CAS is 90866-33-4, about Enantioselective bioconversion using Escherichia coli cells expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae reductase and Bacillus subtilis glucose dehydrogenase. Author is Park, Hyun Joo; Jung, Jihye; Choi, Hyejeong; Uhm, Ki-Nam; Kim, Hyung-Kwoun.

Et (R,S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (ECHB) is a useful chiral building block for the synthesis of L-carnitine and hypercholesterolemia drugs. The yeast reductase, YOL151W (GenBank locus tag), exhibits an enantioselective reduction activity, converting ethyl-4-chlorooxobutanoate (ECOB) exclusively into (R)-ECHB. YOL151W was generated in Escherichia coli cells and purified via Ni-NTA and desalting column chromatog. It evidenced an optimum temperature of 45°C and an optimum pH of 6.5-7.5. Bacillus subtilis glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was also expressed in Escherichia coli, and was used for the recycling of NADPH, required for the reduction reaction. Thereafter, Escherichia coli cells co-expressing YOL151W and GDH were constructed. After permeablization treatment, the Escherichia coli whole cells were utilized for ECHB synthesis. Through the use of this system, the 30 mM ECOB substrate could be converted to (R)-ECHB.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Safety of 6-Fluoronicotinonitrile. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 6-Fluoronicotinonitrile, is researched, Molecular C6H3FN2, CAS is 3939-12-6, about Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-cyano-3-methylthio-3-(substituted methylamino)acrylates. Author is Gao, Ying; Zou, Xiao-Mao; Yu, Li-Min; Xu, Han; Liu, Bin; Zhu, You-Quan; Hu, Fang-Zhong; Yang, Hua-Zheng.

A series of 3-amino-2-cyano-3-(methylthio)acrylates were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II electron transport, in order to estimate the effect of fluorine atom, pyridyl group, chirality, and ester chain on activity. The important intermediate 2-fluoro-5-(aminomethyl)pyridine was synthesized with high yield. The bioassay results showed that most of title compounds had high herbicidal activity in postemergence treatment. The introduction of an α-Me into the 3-substituted methylamino could improve the activity notably. The replacement of H by Cl or F group and Ph by pyridyl group showed different effects, and at the same time, the ester chain affected the activity too.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 3939-12-6, is researched, Molecular C6H3FN2, about Regioselective Synthesis, NMR, and Crystallographic Analysis of N1-Substituted Pyrazoles, the main research direction is alkyl aryl pyrazole regioselective preparation; regioselective alkylation arylation pyrazole potassium carbonate DMSO; aryl fluoride alkyl bromide iodide regioselective alkylation arylation pyrazole; atomic charge calculated pyrazolate anion generated alkylation arylation; bong length angle crystal structure alkyl aryl pyrazole.SDS of cas: 3939-12-6.

A systematic study of the N-substitution reactions of 3-substituted pyrazoles under basic conditions was undertaken. N1-Alkyl-, aryl-, and heteroarylpyrazoles were prepared regioselectively in 28-96% yields and in 3:1->99:1 regioselectivities by alkylation or arylation of 3-nitro-, 3-trifluoromethyl, 3-Me, 3-bromo-, 3-phenylpyrazoles and Et 3-pyrazolecarboxylate with alkyl bromides and iodides and electron-deficient aryl fluorides using K2CO3 as base in DMSO. DFT calculations of the at. charges at the pyrazole nitrogens in the pyrazolate anions were consistent with the observed regioselectivities; steric effects were observed in alkylations of pyrazoles. The structures of twenty-five of the pyrazole products were determined by X-ray crystallog.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate, is researched, Molecular C6H11ClO3, CAS is 90866-33-4, about Diversity of 4-chloroacetoacetate ethyl ester-reducing enzymes in yeasts and their application to chiral alcohol synthesis. Author is Kita, Keiko; Kataoka, Michihiko; Shimizu, Sakayu.

A review. Review with 42 references Enzymes which reduce 4-chloroacetoacetate Et ester (CAAE) to (R)- or (S)-Et 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (CHBE) were investigated. Several microorganisms which can reduce CAAE with high yields were discovered. An NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, ARI, and an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase, S1, were isolated from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor and Candida magnoliae, resp., and enzymic synthesis of chiral CHBE was performed through the reduction of CAAE. When ARI-overproducing Escherichia coli transformant cells or C. magnoliae cells were incubated in an organic solvent-water diphasic system, CAAE was stoichiometrically converted to (R)- or (S)-CHBE (>92% enantiomeric excess), resp. Multiple CAAE-reducing enzymes were present in S. salmonicolor, C. magnoliae and bakers’ yeast. Comparison of the primary structures of these CAAE-reducing enzymes with other protein sequences showed that CAAE-reducing enzymes are widely distributed in various protein families, and various physiol. roles of these enzymes in the cell were speculated.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Stereochemical control in microbial reduction. Part 5. Effect of allyl alcohol on reduction of β-keto esters by bakers’ yeast, published in 1987-04-05, which mentions a compound: 90866-33-4, Name is (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate, Molecular C6H11ClO3, SDS of cas: 90866-33-4.

The stereochem. course of the reduction of β-keto esters by bakers’ yeast was controlled by treating the reduction systems with allyl alc. Thus, the reduction of the 3-oxopentanoate gave one D-3-hydroxypentanoate in 59% enantiomeric excess, while addition of 1.0 g allyl alc./L gave the reduced D-isomer in 96% enantiomeric excess.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Discovery of 3-Benzyl-1-(trans-4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1-arylurea Derivatives as Novel and Selective Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) Inhibitors, published in 2018-09-13, which mentions a compound: 3939-12-6, mainly applied to preparation benzyl cyanopyridinyl aminocyclohexyl arylurea derivative CDK12 inhibitor cancer, Recommanded Product: 6-Fluoronicotinonitrile.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a key role in the coordination of transcription with elongation and mRNA processing. CDK12 mutations found in tumors and CDK12 inhibition sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging reagents and DNA-repair inhibitors. This suggests that CDK12 inhibitors are potential therapeutics for cancer that may cause synthetic lethality. Here, we report the discovery of 3-benzyl-1-(trans-4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1-arylurea derivatives as novel and selective CDK12 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship studies of a HTS hit, structure-based drug design, and conformation-oriented design using the Cambridge Structural Database afforded the optimized compound 2, which exhibited not only potent CDK12 (and CDK13) inhibitory activity and excellent selectivity but also good physicochem. properties. Furthermore, 2 inhibited the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and induced growth inhibition in SK-BR-3 cells. Therefore, 2 represents an excellent chem. probe for functional studies of CDK12 and could be a promising lead compound for drug discovery.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Mind the Metal: A Fragment Library-Derived Zinc Impurity Binds the E2 Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme Ube2T and Induces Structural Rearrangements, published in 2017-10-12, which mentions a compound: 3939-12-6, mainly applied to small mol zinc impurity E2 enzyme Ube2T crystal structure, Synthetic Route of C6H3FN2.

Efforts to develop inhibitors, activators and effectors of biol. reactions using small mol. libraries are often hampered by interference compounds, artifacts and false positives that permeate the pool of initial hits. Here we report the discovery of a promising initial hit compound targeting the Fanconi anemia ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2T and describe its biophys. and biochem. characterization. Anal. of the co-crystal structure led to the identification of a contaminating zinc ion as solely responsible for the observed effects. Zinc binding to the active site cysteine induces a domain swap in Ube2T that leads to cyclic trimerization organized in an open ended linear assembly. Our study serves as a cautionary tale for screening small mol. libraries and provides insights into the structural plasticity of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem