Month: February 2023

Enzymatic vitreolysis using reengineered Vibrio mimicus-derived collagenase was written by Santra, Mithun;Sharma, Maryada;Katoch, Deeksha;Jain, Sahil;Saikia, Uma Nahar;Dogra, Mangat R.;Luthra-Guptasarma, Manni. And the article was included in Molecular Vision in 2021.Reference of 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Collagen is a key player contributing to vitreoelasticity and vitreoretinal adhesions. Mol. reorganization causes spontaneous weakening of these adhesions with age, resulting in the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM) from the retina in what is called complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Incomplete separation of the posterior hyaloid or tight adherence or both can lead to retinal detachment, vitreomacular traction syndrome, or epiretinal membrane formation, which requires surgical intervention. Pharmacol. vitrectomy has the potential of avoiding surgical vitrectomy; it is also useful as an adjunct during retinal surgery to induce PVD. Previously studied enzymic reagents, such as collagenase derived from Clostridium histolyticum, are nonspecific and potentially toxic. We studied a novel collagenase from Vibrio mimicus (VMC) which remains active (VMA), even after deletion of 51 C-terminal amino acids. To limit the activity of VMA to the vitreous cavity, a fusion construct (inhibitor of hyaluronic acid-VMA [iHA-VMA]) was made in which a 12-mer peptide (iHA, which binds to HA) was fused to the N-terminus of VMA. The construct was evaluated in the context of PVD. VMA and iHA-VMA were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized with gelatin zymog., collagen degradation assay, fluorescamine-based assay, and cell-based assays. Two sets of experiments were performed in New Zealand albino rabbits. Group A (n = 10) received iHA-VMA, while group B (n = 5) received the equivalent dose of VMA. In both groups, saline was injected as a control in the contralateral eyes. Animals were monitored with indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomog. (OCT), and B-scan ultrasonog. Retinal toxicity was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of retinal tissue. The activity of iHA-VMA and VMA was comparable and 65-fold lower than that of C. histolyticum collagenase Type IV. In the iHA-VMA group, all the rabbits (n = 10) developed PVD, with complete PVD seen in six animals. No statistically significant histomorphol. changes were seen. In the VMA group, four of the five rabbits developed complete PVD; however, retinal morphol. changes were seen in two animals. IHA-VMA displays targeted action confined to the vitreous and shows potential for safe pharmacol. vitreolysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Reference of 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Reference of 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Conjugation phenomena in α- and β-substituted pyrroles studied by infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry was written by Scrocco, Marisa;Caglioti, Luciano;Caglioti, V.. And the article was included in Atti accad. nazl. Lincei Rend., Classe sci. fis., mat. e nat. in 1958.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Effects of ring substituents on the NH stretching frequency v(NH) of pyrroles (I) are further investigated. 2-Me, 3-Me, 2,4-Me₂, and 2,5-Me₂ substitutions cause only a very slight increase in v(NH) of I, an effect opposite to hyperconjugation. The v(CO) of the 3-CO₂Me compound previously given as 1700 cm.^-1 was resolved into 2 peaks, 1712 (strong) and 1698; similarly the 2-CO₂Me compound had maximum at 1715 and 1697 (strong), the lower ν presumably vibrations of internal chelates. The following data were similarly interpreted: (I substituents, strong v(NH), weak v(NH), strong v(CO), weak v(CO), ultraviolet maximum (log ε) and ultraviolet maximum (log ε) given): 3-CO₂Me, 3490, 3320, 1712, 1698 cm.^-1, 240 mμ (3.82), and – (-); 2-CO₂Me, 3326, 3472, 1697, 1715 cm.^-1, 261 (4.22) and 234.5 mμ (3.82); 2-CHO, 3284, 3468, 1650, 1666 cm.^-1, 279 (4.27), and 246 mμ (3.73); 2-Ac, 3294, 3466, 1640, 1662 cm.^-1, 276.5 (4.21) and 247 mμ (3.61); 2-COCH₂Cl, -, -, 1639, 1663 cm.^-1, 288.5 (4.3) and 246 mμ (3.6); 2-CO₂Me, 4-NO₂, -, -, -, -, 229 (4.26) and 285 mμ (3.75); 2-Ac, 5-CN, -, -, -, -, 248 (3.85) and 265 mμ (3.80). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of Heterocycle-fused Pyridine N-Oxides from Oximes and Diazo Compounds via Rh^III-Catalyzed C-H Activation and Annulation was written by Sun, Peng;Wu, Youzhi;Yang, Tie;Wu, Xiaoming;Xu, Jinyi;Lin, Aijun;Yao, Hequan. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2015.Product Details of 38220-75-6 This article mentions the following:

A Rh^III-catalyzed tandem C-H activation and C-N bond formation reaction between oximes and diazo compounds for the synthesis of heterocycle-fused pyridine N-oxides was developed. The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. After simple transformation, the 1-substituted, 1,3-disubstituted, 1,4-disubstituted and 1,3,4-trisubstituted heterocycle-fused pyridines were obtained in high efficiency. The strategy was expanded to the synthesis of a key intermediate for the construction of one potential anti-HIV agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Product Details of 38220-75-6).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Product Details of 38220-75-6

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Delphinidin increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to 3-bromopyruvate was written by Pienkowska, Natalia;Bartosz, Grzegorz;Furdak, Paulina;Sadowska-Bartosz, Izabela. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BP) is a promising anticancer compound Two ovary cancer (OC) cell lines, PEO1 and SKOV3, showed relatively high sensitivity to 3-BP (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 18.7 and 40.5μM, resp.). However, the further sensitization of OC cells to 3-BP would be desirable. Delphinidin (D) has been reported to be cytotoxic for cancer cell lines. We found that D was the most toxic for PEO1 and SKOV3 cells from among several flavonoids tested. The combined action of 3-BP and D was mostly synergistic in PEO1 cells and mostly weakly antagonistic in SKOV3 cells. The viability of MRC-5 fibroblasts was not affected by both compounds at concentrations of up to 100μM. The combined action of 3-BP and D decreased the level of ATP and of dihydroethidium (DHE)-detectable reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular mobility and cell staining with phalloidin and Mitotracker Red in both cell lines but increased the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCFDA)-detectable ROS level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass only in PEO1 cells. The glutathione level was increased by 3-BP + D only in SKOV3 cells. These differences may contribute to the lower sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to 3-BP + D. Our results point to the possibility of sensitization of at least some OC cells to 3-BP by D. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Electric Literature of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia in Aqueous Solution Using Fluorescamine: A Comparison of Fluorometric Versus Voltammetric Analysis was written by Panchompoo, Janjira;Compton, Richard G.. And the article was included in Dianhuaxue in 2012.Safety of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione This article mentions the following:

Fluorescamine is a non-fluorescent reagent widely used for the quant. determination o f primary amines by fluorescence spectroscopy as it reacts readily with primary amines to form a fluorescent product. In this work, a new sensitive voltammetric method for the detection of ammonia in aqueous solution by the reaction with fluorescamine was developed. First, the electrochem. behavior of fluorescamine in the absence and presence o f ammonia was investigated in 0.1 mol·L^-1 borate buffer solution (pH 9.0) by cyclic voltammetry using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. As for fluorescamine itself, a well-defined irreversible oxidation peak could be observed at ∼0.70 V vs. SCE. When ammonia was added to the fluorescamine solution, another irreversible oxidation peak corresponding to the oxidation o f the reaction product formed between fluorescamine and ammonia could be observed at ∼0.46 V vs. SCE. Upon the addition of ammonia, the oxidation peak o f fluorescamine became smaller while the oxidation peak o f the reaction product formed increased in height, due to the stoichiometric chem. consumption o f fluorescamine by ammonia and the formation o f the product during the reaction, resp. These two anodic peaks corresponding to the oxidation of fluorescamine and its fluorescent product formed were then used for the quant. detection o f ammonia, explored by square wave voltammetry and by fluorescence spectroscopy. The square wave voltammetric response o f the reaction product formed showed a linear response over ammonia concentration range o f 0 to 60 μmol-L^-1. The limits o f detection (LOD) was 0.71 μmol·L^-1 and 3.17 μmol-L^-1 determined based upon Signal/Noise (S/N) = 3 and 3cr, resp. These limits o f detection are similar to those obtained with the fluorometric method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Safety of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Safety of 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Highly efficient direct visible-light-mediated oxidative esterification of aldehydes was written by Lindroth, Rickard;Bryce-Rogers, Hogan P.;Merke, Thomas P. M.;Wallentin, Carl-Johan. And the article was included in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences in 2022.Formula: C10H8O3 This article mentions the following:

A very efficient one-pot procedure for the direct oxidation of aldehydes to esters RC(O)OR¹ [R = Ph, cyclohexyl, 4-MeOC₆H₄, etc.; R¹ = Me, Et, t-Bu, etc.] mediated by visible-light was presented. Utilizing a combination of indium triflate and N-bromosuccinimide, NBS, with either ortho-esters or alcs. provided rapid access to a variety of esters RC(O)OR¹. Certain substrates convert fully within a few seconds, other more challenging tert-Bu esters RC(O)OR¹ [R = 4-PhC₆H₄; R¹ = t-Bu] were formed in good yield after no more than 4 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Formula: C10H8O3).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Formula: C10H8O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Salvage parenteral antibiotics for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria; a fluorescamine-based technique for ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric measurement of Polymyxins; human plasma application was written by Badr El-Din, Khalid M.;Abdelmajed, Mahmoud A.;Omar, Mahmoud A.;Attia, Tamer Z.. And the article was included in Luminescence in 2022.Computed Properties of C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Polymyxins (PMS), namely Colistin (CS) and polymyxin B (poly B), are antimicrobial drugs that have been recently used to treat multiresistant Gram-neg. bacteria infections and their resurgence, owing to a lack of new antibiotics. A speedy, simple, and ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric screening of PMS in pharmaceutical formulations and biol. fluids was urgently required from this point forwards. A reaction between fluorescamine and the aliphatic amino moiety found in both drugs was performed in a slightly alk. borate buffer (pH 8.5) resulted in highly fluorescent products measured at λ_em 460 (after λ_ex 390.5 nm). Linear calibration curves were constructed over the concentration range 70-1800 ng ml^-1 and 100 to 1400 ng ml^-1, with slope values of 0.273 and 0.286, correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997, and determination coefficient of 0.9997 and 0.9994 for poly B and CS, resp. The ultrasensitivity of the proposed method was demonstrated by the very low limit of quantification values of 67.56 ng ml^-1 and 94.89 ng ml^-1 for poly B and CS, resp. The cited drugs were successfully determined in their i.v. market preparations by the prescribed method. Moreover, due to the high sensitivity, the suggested method was used to assay the investigated drugs in biol. fluids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Computed Properties of C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Computed Properties of C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A facile synthesis of bromo-substituted benzofuran containing thiazolidinone nucleus bridged with quinoline derivatives. Potent analgesic and antimicrobial agents was written by Bhovi, Venkatesh K.;Bodke, Yadav D.;Biradar, S.;Swamy, B. E. Kumara;Umesh, S.. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2010.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

Treatment of 5-bromo-2-acetylbenzofuran with hydrazine followed by condensation of the resulting hydrazone with different quinoline derivatives gave the corresponding Schiff bases. Reaction of these Schiff bases with thioacetic acid furnished the target thiazolidinone mol. Some of the newly synthesized compounds show promising analgesic and antimicrobial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Electric Literature of C10H7BrO2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A pantetheinase-resistant pantothenamide with potent, on-target, and selective antiplasmodial activity was written by Macuamule, Cristiano J.;Tjhin, Erick T.;Jana, Collins E.;Barnard, Leanne;Koekemoer, Lizbe;de Villiers, Marianne;Saliba, Kevin J.;Strauss, Erick. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in 2015.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Pantothenamides inhibit blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum with potencies (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], ∼20 nM) similar to that of chloroquine. They target processes dependent on pantothenate, a precursor of the essential metabolic cofactor CoA. However, their antiplasmodial activity is reduced due to degradation by serum pantetheinase. Minor modification of the pantothenamide structure led to the identification of α-methyl-N-phenethyl-pantothenamide, a pantothenamide resistant to degradation, with excellent antiplasmodial activity (IC50, 52 ± 6 nM), target specificity, and low toxicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Category: benzofurans).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Hydrogen peroxide-responsive platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles for thrombus therapy was written by Zhao, Yi;Xie, Ruosen;Yodsanit, Nisakorn;Ye, Mingzhou;Wang, Yuyuan;Wang, Bowen;Guo, Lian-Wang;Kent, K. Craig;Gong, Shaoqin. And the article was included in Biomaterials Science in 2021.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Occlusion of blood vessels caused by thrombi is the major pathogenesis of various catastrophic cardiovascular diseases. Thrombi can be prevented or treated by antithrombotic drugs. However, free antithrombotic drugs often have relatively low therapeutic efficacy due to a number of limitations such as short half-life, unexpected bleeding complications, low thrombus targeting capability, and negligible hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-scavenging ability. Inspired by the abundance of H₂O₂and the active thrombus-targeting property of platelets, a H₂O₂-responsive platelet membrane-cloaked argatroban-loaded polymeric nanoparticle (PNPArg) was developed for thrombus therapy. Poly(vanillyl alc.-co-oxalate) (PVAX), a H₂O₂-degradable polymer, was synthesized to form an argatroban-loaded nanocore, which was further coated with platelet membrane. The PNPArg can effectively target the blood clots due to the thrombus-homing property of the cloaked platelet membrane, and subsequently exert combined H₂O₂-scavenging effect via the H₂O₂-degradable nanocarrier polymer and antithrombotic effect via argatroban, the released payload. The PNPArg effectively scavenged H₂O₂and protected cells from H₂O₂-induced cellular injury in RAW 264.7 cells and HUVECs. The PNPArg rapidly targeted the thrombosed vessels and remarkably suppressed thrombus formation, and the levels of H₂O₂and inflammatory cytokines in the ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial thrombosis mouse model. Safety assessment indicated good biocompatibility of the PNPArg. Taken together, the biomimetic PNPArg offers multiple functionalities including thrombus-targeting, antioxidation, and H₂O₂-stimulated antithrombotic action, thereby making it a promising therapeutic nanomedicine for thrombosis diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem