Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

Prucalopride: For functional constipation only? was written by Bellini, M;Gambaccini, D;Bassotti, G. And the article was included in Techniques in coloproctology in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 179474-81-8 This article mentions the following:

Prucalopride is a new prokinetic agent, recently available in Europe for the treatment of functional constipation in adults in whom treatment with laxatives failed to provide adequate relief. However, due to its intrinsic properties (highly selective agonist activity and high affinity for 5-HT4 receptors, neuroprotection), this drug has shown the potential to be used in other pathologic conditions, in and outside of the gastrointestinal tract. We performed a systematic review of the evidence supporting these possible alternative uses of prucalopride. Further studies in this area are, however, mandatory. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (cas: 179474-81-8HPLC of Formula: 179474-81-8).

4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (cas: 179474-81-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.HPLC of Formula: 179474-81-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

An all-solid-state Z-scheme NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ photocatalyst for effective degradation of carbofuran under sunlight irradiation was written by Li, Shuguang;Liu, Zhiyu;Qu, Zhihui;Piao, Congcong;Liu, Jize;Xu, Duo;Li, Xiaojing;Wang, Jun;Song, Youtao. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

It is first reported that an all-solid-state Z-scheme NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ nanocomposite photocatalyst can be prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and calcination methods. In NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄, NaNbO₃ and Sn₃O₄ form a Z-scheme photocatalytic system, Au as an electron transfer channel accelerates the flow rate of the photo-induced electrons. Their effective combination can not only improve the utilization ratio of sunlight but also achieve the effective segregation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs. The fabricated samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectra, SEM, TEM, UV-vis DRS, XPS and PL. In addition, the activity of the NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ photocatalyst was researched via the photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran in wastewater under sunlight irradiation The sunlight illumination time, NaNbO₃ and Sn₃O₄ mole ratio, cycle number and pesticides types as influence factors on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Z-scheme NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ photocatalyst are investigated in detail. The possible mechanism and degradation pathways for the photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran caused by Z-scheme NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation are put forward. The research results show that the all-solid-state Z-scheme NaNbO₃-Au-Sn₃O₄ photocatalyst displays a wonderful activity for degradation of carbofuran in wastewater. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Reference of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Reference of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Polarization and color-change with the adsorption of surface-active substances. III was written by Weitz, Ernst;Schmidt, Fritz;Singer, Josef. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie in 1940.Safety of 3′,6′-Dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Ph₃COMe is adsorbed with a yellow color by silica gel (I) or by acid-washed Al₂O₃ (II) from its colorless benzene solution, and decolorized by alc. [Me₂NC₆H₄]₃COMe is adsorbed from its colorless benzene solution by I and by Brockmann’s Al₂O₃ (III) with an intense blue-violet color. Ph₃COCOMe is adsorbed by I with an intense brown-tinged yellow, by III with a pale yellow. Dimethylaniline phthalein (IV), colorless in benzene solution, gives an intense green-blue adsorbate on I, III, Al(OH)₃, kaolin, AlPO₄ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂. If acetone vapors are poured over the blue adsorbate on kaolin, the color vanishes and returns when the vapor is dispersed. The colorless compound is malachite green lactone, the colored substance malachite green betaine. Powdered IV is adsorbed as the colored betaine by the adsorbents above, and the colored adsorbate is formed when the fused lactone is stirred with clay or kieselguhr, but not with KCl. The lactone form of rhodamine B is polarized to the colored (intensely red) form by all those substances that cause a similar transformation in IV, and in addition by CaCO₃, MgO, paraformaldehyde and starch, from benzene solution, and also by rubbing with KCl, Na₂SO₄.10H₂O, Na₂CO₃.10H₂O, Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O, paraformaldehyde, sugar or urea. Also tabulated is the color of the benzene solution, of the adsorbate on I, II and III, and the ease of elution with alc. for p-hydroxydiphenylphthalide, phenolphthalein, phenolphthalein di-Me ether, tetrabromophenolphthalein, fluorescein (in ether), fluorescein diacetate, fluorescein mono-Me ether, fluoroescein di-Me ether, benzylidene acetone, benzylideneacetophenone, cinnamylideneacetone, cinnamylideneacetophenone, anisylideneacetophenone and ω-nitrophenylethylene. The lactone-betaine tautomerism of thymol blue indicator is strikingly affected by temperature change. The unsaturated hydrocarbon 1,8-diphenyloctatetraene is adsorbed by I with a green color. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3′,6′-Dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 36886-76-7Safety of 3′,6′-Dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

3′,6′-Dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 36886-76-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Safety of 3′,6′-Dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Rifaximin-α reduces gut-derived inflammation and mucin degradation in cirrhosis and encephalopathy: RIFSYS randomised controlled trial was written by Patel, Vishal C.;Lee, Sunjae;McPhail, Mark J. W.;Da Silva, Kevin;Guilly, Susie;Zamalloa, Ane;Witherden, Elizabeth;Stoey, Sidsel;Manakkat Vijay, Godhev Kumar;Pons, Nicolas;Galleron, Nathalie;Huang, Xaiohong;Gencer, Selin;Coen, Muireann;Tranah, Thomas Henry;Wendon, Julia Alexis;Bruce, Kenneth D.;Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle;Ehrlich, Stanislav Dusko;Edwards, Lindsey Ann;Shoaie, Saeed;Shawcross, Debbie Lindsay. And the article was included in Journal of Hepatology in 2022.Formula: C43H51N3O11 This article mentions the following:

Rifaximin-α is efficacious for the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We postulated that rifaximin-α reduces gut microbiota-derived endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, a known driver of HE.In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, mechanistic study, 38 patients with cirrhosis and HE were randomised 1:1 to receive either rifaximin-α (550 mg BID) or placebo for 90 days. Primary outcome: 50% reduction in neutrophil oxidative burst (OB) at 30 days. Secondary outcomes: changes in psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and neurocognitive functioning, shotgun metagenomic sequencing of saliva and feces, plasma and fecal metabolic profiling, whole blood bacterial DNA quantification, neutrophil toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4/9 expression and plasma/fecal cytokine anal.Patients were well-matched: median MELD (11 rifaximin-α vs. 10 placebo). Rifaximin-α did not lead to a 50% reduction in spontaneous neutrophil OB at 30 days compared to baseline (p = 0.48). However, HE grade normalized (p = 0.014) and PHES improved (p = 0.009) after 30 days on rifaximin-α. Rifaximin-α reduced circulating neutrophil TLR-4 expression on day 30 (p = 0.021) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p <0.001). Rifaximin-α suppressed oralisation of the gut, reducing levels of mucin-degrading sialidase-rich species, Streptococcus spp, Veillonella atypica and parvula, Akkermansia and Hungatella. Rifaximin-α promoted a TNF-α- and interleukin-17E-enriched intestinal microenvironment, augmenting antibacterial responses to invading pathobionts and promoting gut barrier repair. Those on rifaximin-α were less likely to develop infection (odds ratio 0.21; 95% CI 0.05-0.96).Rifaximin-α led to resolution of overt and covert HE, reduced the likelihood of infection, reduced oralisation of the gut and attenuated systemic inflammation. Rifaximin-α plays a role in gut barrier repair, which could be the mechanism by which it ameliorates bacterial translocation and systemic endotoxemia in cirrhosis. In this clin. trial, we examined the underlying mechanism of action of an antibiotic called rifaximin-α which has been shown to be an effective treatment for a complication of chronic liver disease which effects the brain (termed encephalopathy). We show that rifaximin-α suppresses gut bacteria that translocate from the mouth to the intestine and cause the intestinal wall to become leaky by breaking down the protective mucus barrier. This suppression resolves encephalopathy and reduces inflammation in the blood, preventing the development of infection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Formula: C43H51N3O11).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C43H51N3O11

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Preparation of low-temperature reversible discoloration microcapsule and the application in water-based coating was written by Wu, Luoyi;Hu, Zirong;Li, Yushu;Shao, Guang. And the article was included in Tuliao Gongye in 2002.Computed Properties of C26H29N3O2 This article mentions the following:

Crystal violet lactone/diphenylol propane was serviced as discoloration constituents and dodecanol as solvent, which were dispersed into 10-100 μm size in water. By coating the drops with gelatin/arabic, reversible discoloration microcapsule was prepared, which oiliness pigment was changed in powder, and so overcome the short-comings that the oiliness pigment cannot be compatible with water based paint. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Computed Properties of C26H29N3O2).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Computed Properties of C26H29N3O2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

An improved method for the synthesis of γ-lactones using sodium bromate and sodium hydrogen sulfite was written by Hayat, S.;Atta-ur-Rahman;Choudhary, M. I.;Khan, K. M.;Bayer, E.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2001.Safety of 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

2-Alkylbenzoic acids are treated with a NaBrO₃/NaHSO₃ reagent under in a 2-phase system using AcOEt as solvent, under mild conditions to give the corresponding phthalides in moderate to satisfactory yield. Intermediately, α-brominated alkylbenzoic acids are formed by in-situ generated HOBr. These α-brominated acids undergo an intramol. nucleophilic substitution to afford the corresponding γ-lactones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8Safety of 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one).

5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Safety of 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A novel strategy integrating gas phase fractionation with staggered mass range and LC-MS/MS molecular network for comprehensive metabolites profiling of Gui Ling Ji in rats was written by Zhang, Yuhao;Gao, Ziqing;Cai, Yingli;Dou, Xiuxiu;Liang, Yanlin;Zhang, Weidong;Wu, Gaosong;Ye, Ji. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2023.Electric Literature of C17H18O9 This article mentions the following:

Metabolite detection from complex biol. samples faces challenges due to interference from endogenous substrates and the inherent limitation of multiple subsequent tandem scanning rates of instruments. Here, a new integrated approach based on gas-phase fractionation with a staggered mass range (sGPF) and a liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) mol. network was developed to accelerate the data processing of the targeted and untargeted constituents absorbed in rats after oral administration of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription Gui Ling Ji (GLJ). Compared with three conventional acquisition methods, sGPF at 3, 5, and 7 mass fractions could enhance MS/MS coverage with an increased MS/MS triggering rate of 29.4-206.2% over data-dependent acquisition (DDA), fast DDA and gas-phase fractionation. A mass range fraction setting of five optimized the performance. Based on the similar diagnostic fragment ions and characteristic neutral loss behaviors in the DDA-MS/MS spectrum, an initial mol. network of GLJ was created with the help of the global natural products social mol. networking (GNPS) platform. Furthermore, to remove the endogenous interference nodes, Cytoscape software was adopted to produce a clean and concise mol. network of prototype compounds and their corresponding metabolites. Using this strategy, a total of 210 compounds, including 59 prototype constituents and 151 metabolites, was unambiguously or tentatively identified in GLJ. This first systematic metabolic study of GLJ in vivo elucidated the potential pharmacodynamic basis of GLJ in clin. treatment. More importantly, this work can serve as a practical example and establish a guide for rapidly identifying TCM metabolites in biol. matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8Electric Literature of C17H18O9).

(Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Electric Literature of C17H18O9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

TEMPO as a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalyst for Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Activated Alkanes to Alkenes was written by Ito, Tasuku;Seidel, Falk William;Jin, Xiongjie;Nozaki, Kyoko. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 496-16-2 This article mentions the following:

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) has been extensively utilized as a radical scavenger or an oxidation catalyst. In contrast, TEMPO as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst has rarely been studied. Here, authors report that TEMPO, as the HAT catalyst, homolytically cleaves benzylic or allylic C-H bonds to give the corresponding alkyl radicals. Benefiting from the dual roles played by TEMPO as the HAT catalyst and the radical scavenger, the highly challenging aerobic dehydrogenation of activated alkanes to alkenes is successfully developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2SDS of cas: 496-16-2).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.SDS of cas: 496-16-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Manganese- and Borane-Mediated Synthesis of Isobenzofuranones from Aromatic Esters and Oxiranes via C-H Bond Activation was written by Sueki, Shunsuke;Wang, Zijia;Kuninobu, Yoichiro. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Name: 5-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

A manganese- and borane-mediated synthesis of isobenzofuranones from esters and oxiranes is developed. The reaction proceeded at aromatic, heteroaromatic, and olefinic C-H bonds with high functional group tolerance. This is the first example of a manganese-catalyzed C-H transformation using an oxygen-directing group. Triphenylborane played an important role in this reaction to cooperatively promote the annulation reaction. Kinetic isotope effect experiments revealed that C-H bond activation of the aromatic rings was the rate-determining step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 4741-62-2Name: 5-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one).

5-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 4741-62-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Name: 5-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Cobalt-catalyzed borylation of aryl halides and pseudohalides was written by Yao, Wubing;Fang, Huaquan;Peng, Sihan;Wen, Huanan;Zhang, Lei;Hu, Aiguo;Huang, Zheng. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2016.Reference of 519054-55-8 This article mentions the following:

We report the first Co-catalyzed borylation of aryl halides and pseudohalides with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B₂pin₂). The synthesis of two new Co(II) complexes of oxazolinylferrocenylphosphine ligands 1-R₂P-2-(4-Me-2-Ox) (2-Ox = 2-oxazolinyl; L¹, R = Ph, L², R = ⁱPr) and their cobalt complexes [(Lⁿ)CoCl₂] (2a, R = Ph, 2b, R = ⁱPr) is described. Crystal structures of 2a,b were determined Upon activation with LiMe, the Co complex catalyzes the borylation reactions of aryl bromides, iodides, sulfonates, arenediazonium salts, and even aryl chlorides under mild conditions, providing the borylated products ArBpin in excellent to moderate yields and with high functional group tolerance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Benzofuran-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 519054-55-8Reference of 519054-55-8).

2-(Benzofuran-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 519054-55-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Reference of 519054-55-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem