Tag: 400-500

Phosphonofluoresceins: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Applications was written by Turnbull, Joshua L.;Benlian, Brittany R.;Golden, Ryan P.;Miller, Evan W.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Xanthene fluorophores, like fluorescein, have been versatile mols. across diverse fields of chem. and life sciences. Despite the ubiquity of 3-carboxy and 3-sulfonofluorescein for the last 150 years, to date, no reports of 3-phosphonofluorescein exist. Here, we report the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and applications of 3-phosphonofluoresceins. The absorption and emission of 3-phosphonofluoresceins remain relatively unaltered from the parent 3-carboxyfluorescein. 3-Phosphonofluoresceins show enhanced water solubility compared to 3-carboxyfluorescein and persist in an open, visible light-absorbing state even at low pH and in low dielec. media while 3-carboxyfluoresceins tend to lactonize. In contrast, the spirocyclization tendency of 3-phosphonofluoresceins can be modulated by esterification of the phosphonic acid. The bis-acetoxymethyl ester of 3-phosphonofluorescein readily enters living cells, showing excellent accumulation (>6x) and retention (>11x), resulting in a nearly 70-fold improvement in cellular brightness compared to 3-carboxyfluorescein. In a complementary fashion, the free acid form of 3-phosphonofluorescein does not cross cellular membranes, making it ideally suited for incorporation into a voltage-sensing scaffold. We develop a new synthetic route to functionalized 3-phosphonofluoresceins to enable the synthesis of phosphono-voltage sensitive fluorophores, or phosVF2.1.Cl. Phosphono-VF2.1.Cl shows excellent membrane localization, cellular brightness, and voltage sensitivity (26% ΔF/F per 100 mV), rivaling that of sulfono-based VF dyes. In summary, we develop the first synthesis of 3-phosphonofluoresceins, characterize the spectroscopic properties of this new class of xanthene dyes, and utilize these insights to show the utility of 3-phosphonofluoresceins in intracellular imaging and membrane potential sensing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Recommanded Product: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) or 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) to measure reactive oxygen species in erythrocytes was written by Hans, Chander;Saini, Rahul;Sachdeva, Man Updesh Singh;Sharma, Prashant. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2021.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

A polemic in response to Hao et. al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 122 (2020), 109677 is reported. Hao et. al., stated that acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of human leukemia cell line K562 by inducing S phase cell cycle arrest, modulating ROS accumulation, depleting Bcr-Abl and blocking NF-&kappaB signaling. The comprehensive study by Hao and colleagues is on the effect of acetylshikonin on the K562 cell line including modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, the authors like to point out an error in reagent nomenclature/citation in their paper. This is actually a recurring issue in literature and has the potential to affect other research results just as it undermined theirs, recently. For a recent pilot experiment on human erythrocytes, the authors needed to measured intracellular ROS generation in various hematol. disorders. Guided by several prior publications, including Hao et al., a 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA)-based flow cytometric experiment was designed. This is potentially confusing for future buyers who may land there following the SKU number wrongly quoted in the publications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Recommanded Product: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Analysis of pesticide monocrotophos toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster model was written by Naveen, Kumar HN;Meghana;K Shettar, Arun;Thippeswamy, Tg;Niranjana, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research in 2020.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Aim: Monocrotophos poisoning is a common medical emergency with high fatality in agricultural communities of Asia. Major cause of morbidity and mortality of poisoning is because it inhibits acetylcholinesterase and prolongs neuromuscular weakness. With this background present study was undertaken to analyze the toxicity and effect of Pesticide Monocrotophos on Drosophila melanogaster model. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stress is implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration in various diseases. Depletion of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) resulting in oxidative stress is considered as an early event in degeneration of neurons and mitochondrial complex I (CI) is believed to be the central player to the mitochondrial dysfunction. Results: The potential insults independently inhibit CI and other complexes of the electron transport chain, drop the proton motive force, and reduce ATP production, ultimately affecting the overall mitochondrial performance. Conclusion: Here we tested the effect of Monocrotophos in drosophila model and showed that monocrotophos generates reactive species which decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and concurrently increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, which in turn led to inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and complex II activities results in motor dysfunction and death of Drosophilaflies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Large-Scale Analysis of Pollen Viability and Oxidative Level Using H2DCFDA-Staining Coupled with Flow Cytometry was written by Rutley, Nicholas;Miller, Gad. And the article was included in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2020.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Determining pollen viability and other physiol. parameters is of critical importance for evaluating the reproductive capacity of plants, both for fundamental and applied sciences. Flow cytometry is a powerful high-performance high-throughput tool for analyzing large populations of cells that has been in restricted use in plant cell research and in pollen-related studies, it has been minimized mostly for determination of DNA content. Recently, we developed a flow cytometry-based approach for robust and rapid evaluation of pollen viability that utilizes the reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescent reporter dye H2DCFDA (Luria et al., Plant J 98(5):942-952, 2019). This new approach revealed that pollen from Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum naturally distribute into two subpopulations with different ROS levels. This method can be employed for a myriad of pollen-related studies, primarily in response to stimuli such as biotic or abiotic stress. In this chapter, we describe the protocol for H2DCFDA staining coupled with flow cytometry anal. providing specific guidelines. These guidelines are broadly applicable to many other types of cellular reporters to further develop this novel approach in the field of pollen biol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Flow radiocytometry using droplet optofluidics was written by Ha, Byunghang;Kim, Tae Jin;Moon, Ejung;Giaccia, Amato J.;Pratx, Guillem. And the article was included in Biosensors & Bioelectronics in 2021.Reference of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Flow-based cytometry methods are widely used to analyze heterogeneous cell populations. However, their use for small mol. studies remains limited due to bulky fluorescent labels that often interfere with biochem. activity in cells. In contrast, radiotracers require minimal modification of their target mols. and can track biochem. processes with negligible interference and high specificity. Here, we introduce flow radiocytometry (FRCM) that broadens the scope of current cytometry methods to include beta-emitting radiotracers as probes for single cell studies. FRCM uses droplet microfluidics and radiofluorogenesis to translate the radioactivity of single cells into a fluorescent signal that is then read out using a high-throughput optofluidic device. As a proof of concept, we quantitated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose radiotracer uptake in single human breast cancer cells and successfully assessed the metabolic flux of glucose and its heterogeneity at the cellular level. We believe FRCM has potential applications ranging from anal. assays for cancer and other diseases to development of small-mol. drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Reference of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Reference of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

UV Light-Activated GdYVO₄:Eu³ Nanoparticles Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Leukocytes Without Affecting Erythrocytes In Vitro was written by Onishchenko, Anatolii;Myasoedov, Valeriy;Yefimova, Svetlana;Nakonechna, Oksana;Prokopyuk, Volodymyr;Butov, Dmytro;Kokbas, Umut;Klochkov, Vladimir;Maksimchuk, Pavel;Kavok, Nataliya;Tkachenko, Anton. And the article was included in Biological Trace Element Research in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to be promising enhancement agents for radiation therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the cytotoxicity of UV non-treated and UV pretreated GdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles against erythrocytes and leukocytes by detecting eryptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Levels of intracellular ROS in erythrocytes and leukocytes using a ROS-sensitive dye 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), as well as eryptosis rate utilizing annexin V staining, following direct exposure to UV-activated and nonactivated NPs were detected by flow cytometry. Blood cells were collected from 9 intact WAG rats. Neither the UV light-untreated GdYVO4:Eu3+ NPs nor the treated ones promoted eryptosis and ROS generation in erythrocytes. Low concentrations of UV light-untreated NPs did not induce oxidative stress in leukocytes, evidenced by unaffected intracellular ROS levels. UV light treatment grants prooxidant properties to NPs, confirmed by NP-induced ROS overproduction in leukocytes. High concentrations of both UV light-treated and untreated NPs altered the redox state of leukocytes. UV light treatment imparts prooxidant properties to GdYVO4:Eu3+ NPs, making them promising radiosensitizing agents in cancer radiation therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

L. monocytogens exhibited less cell membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation after plasma-activated water treatment compared to E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium was written by Jyung, Sunna;Kang, Jun-Won;Kang, Dong-Hyun. And the article was included in Food Microbiology in 2022.Reference of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

This study investigated the bactericidal activity of plasma-activated water (PAW) generated with a remote discharge reactor against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. PAW-40, -80, and -120, prepared by activating distilled water for 40, 80, and 120 min, resp., showed inactivation activity against pathogenic bacteria, which increased as the activation time increased due to decrease in pH and increase in oxidation-reduction potential and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) of PAW. In addition, Gram-pos. bacteria L. monocytogenes showed superior resistance to PAW than Gram-neg. bacteria E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium. Compared with E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogens exhibited less cell membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular ROS accumulation after PAW treatment, which indicated that L. monocytogenes exhibited greater resistance because the thick cell wall buffered RONS diffusion into the cell. PAW also showed a control effect on the pathogenic bacteria on cherry tomato, and the effect was maintained throughout five repeated applications; thus, proposing high reusability of PAW. The results of this study propose that PAW generated with a remote discharge reactor can be utilized for pathogen control and provides basic data for related research and practical industrial applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Reference of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Reference of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

De novo design of self-assembly hydrogels based on Fmoc-diphenylalanine providing drug release was written by Li, Xiang;Zhang, Huijun;Liu, Lingyan;Cao, Chunyan;Wei, Peng;Yi, Xin;Zhou, Yifeng;Lv, Qingyang;Zhou, Dongfang;Yi, Tao. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Short peptides with self-assembled nanostructures are widely applied in the areas of drug delivery systems and biomaterials. In this article, we create a new peptide-based hydrogelator (Fmoc-FFRRVR) based on N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) through an approach to improve its hydrophilicity. Compared to Fmoc-FF, Fmoc-FFRRVR prefers to form a hydrogel under mild conditions, and the gelation time is only 2 s. Fmoc-FFRRVR self-assembles into organized arrays of β-sheets in nanofibers via π-stacking of Fmoc-FF, which are supported by CD and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Rheol. results confirm that the hydrogel of Fmoc-FFRRVR is elastic, reversible and injectable. The newly discovered hydrogel not only retains some excellent performances of Fmoc-FF, but also can be used as a drug carrier for biomedical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Mitochondria-targeting oxygen-sufficient perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for imaging-guided tumor phototherapy was written by Chen, Sijie;Huang, Biying;Pei, Wenjing;Wang, Long;Xu, Yan;Niu, Chengcheng. And the article was included in International Journal of Nanomedicine in 2020.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamics therapy (PDT) have both made excellent progress in tumor therapy, the effectiveness of using PTT or PDT alone is dissatisfactory due to the limitations of the penetration depth in PTT and the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors for PDT. Combination phototherapy has currently become a burgeoning cancer treatment. Methods and Materials: In this work, a mitochondria-targeting liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based oxygen delivery system was developed for the synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer through image guiding. Importantly, these nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively and accurately accumulate in the target tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Conclusion: This approach offers a novel technique to achieve outstanding antitumor efficacy by an unprecedented design with tumor mitochondria targeting, oxygen delivery, and synergistic PDT/PTT with dual-imaging guidance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Robust Damage-Reporting Strategy Enabled by Dual-Compartment Microcapsules was written by Chen, Yaxin;Li, Wei;Luo, Jing;Liu, Ren;Sun, Guanqing;Liu, Xiaoya. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2021.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Dye-filled microcapsules are an attractive way to identify microscopic damage of materials by the naked eye. However, there are many disadvantages in traditional microcapsule-based self-reporting materials, such as a poor self-reporting effect. A new concept for the design of self-reporting microcapsules is presented here. Our work develops a novel kind of dual-compartmental microcapsule via Pickering emulsion photopolymerization, which can encapsulate two interacting species (“pro-dye” and “developer”) sep. in a single microcapsule. In our strategy, SiO₂ microspheres encapsulating polyetheramine (PEA, developer) were first prepared and employed as a Pickering emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, in which the oil phase consisted of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF, pro-dye) and a monomer. After the monomer polymerization, a dual-compartment microcapsule, which encapsulated the pro-dye in the core and the developer in the shell, was obtained. Upon the rupture of the microcapsule, the pro-dye and the developer were released simultaneously and reacted to yield a pronounced chromogenic response. Compared with traditional double-microcapsule systems, this dual-compartment microcapsule system demonstrated a more efficient and pronounced self-reporting effect. This is the first time that a double-encapsulation scheme involving the compartmentalized release of two interacting species within a single microcapsule has been demonstrated for self-reporting, which overcomes the tough problems of the uneven distribution of the traditional double-microcapsule systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem