Day: January 5, 2023

Cobalt Nanoparticles-Catalyzed Widely Applicable Successive C-C Bond Cleavage in Alcohols to Access Esters was written by Luo, Huihui;Wang, Lianyue;Shang, Sensen;Li, Guosong;Lv, Ying;Gao, Shuang;Dai, Wen. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Selective cleavage and functionalization of C-C bonds have important applications in organic synthesis and biomass use. However, functionalization of C-C bonds by controlled cleavage remains difficult and challenging because they are inert. Herein, the authors describe an unprecedented efficient protocol for the breaking of successive C-C bonds in alcs. to form esters with one or multiple carbon atoms less using heterogeneous cobalt nanoparticles as catalyst with dioxygen as the oxidant. A wide range of alcs. including inactive long-chain alkyl aryl alcs. undergo smoothly successive cleavage of adjacent -(C-C)_n– bonds to afford the corresponding esters. The catalyst was used for seven times without any decrease in activity. Characterization and control experiments disclose that cobalt nanoparticles are responsible for the successive cleavage of C-C bonds to achieve excellent catalytic activity, while the presence of Co-N_x has just the opposite effect. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a tandem sequence reaction is involved in this process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Mix-and-Match Assembly of Block Copolymer Blends in Solution was written by Cho, Arah;La, Yunju;Jeoung, Sungeun;Moon, Hoi Ri;Ryu, Ja-Hyoung;Shin, Tae Joo;Kim, Kyoung Taek. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2017.Product Details of 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

The chem. structure of a block copolymer (BCP) dictates the size, shape, and function of its self-assembled structure in solution This direct correspondence demands precision synthesis of a specific BCP with optimized structural parameters to obtain the desired nanostructures with structural and functional complexity by solution self-assembly. Here we show that the binary blends of BCPs self-assemble into the desired nanostructure in solution by adjusting the composition of the blend. By modifying the structural parameters of a binary BCP blend through control of the composition, two BCPs sharing the repeating units in both polymer blocks coassemble into the desired structures, which range from spherical micelles to inverse cubic and hexagonal mesophases. These BCP blends not only allow the direct creation of complex periodic mesoporous structures of the desired periodicity and pore size but also provide nanostructures of unprecedented morphol. by simple solution self-assembly without relying on the synthesis of correspondingly designed BCPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Product Details of 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Product Details of 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Reaction with hydrazonoyl halides 64: Synthesis of some new triazolino[4,3-a]pyrimidines, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 5-arylazothiazoles was written by Abdelhamid, Abdou O.;Fahmi, Abdelgawad A.;Baaui, Basma S.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2012.Formula: C10H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazoles, and triazolino[4,3-a]pyrimidines containing a benzofuran moiety were prepared from the reaction of 2-(2-phenylhydrazono)-1-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-2-chloroethanone with KSCN, KSeCN, alkyl carbodithioates, and pyrimidine-2-thiones, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Formula: C10H7BrO2).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C10H7BrO2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The effect of PAMAM dendrimers on the excited states of little-explored xanthene dyes. In search of eco-friendly photoinitiating systems was written by Paula Militello, M.;Porcal, Gabriela V.;Bertolotti, Sonia G.;Previtali, Carlos M.;Arbeloa, Ernesto M.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2023.SDS of cas: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

A complete photophys. and photochem. study on the partially halogenated xanthene dyes 2â€?,7â€?-dichlorofluorescein; 4, 5, 6, 7- tetrachlorofluorescein; 4â€?, 5â€?-dibromofluorescein and 4 â€? 5â€?-diiodofluorescein was carried out in aqueous solution The effect of three PAMAM dendrimers of low generations (G0, G1 and G3) on their excited states was also evaluated. Absorption and fluorescence measurements showed that although the ground and singlet-excited states of the dyes interact weakly with the dendrimers, the binding constants obtained correlated with dendrimer size. The triplet-excited states of the dyes were studied by laser flash photolysis including those for the chlorinated fluoresceins; which, to the best of our knowledge, had not been characterized until now. Iodo- and bromo-fluoresceins showed high triplet quantum yields, whereas chlorinated ones showed values in the order of 0.10, indicating that, although low, the intersystem crossing is not a negligible process. Efficient electron transfer reactions were observed between amino moieties of PAMAM and the triplet states of the dyes. The triplet quenching rate constants also correlated with dendrimer size and the semi-reduced species of the dyes were characterized by their transient spectra. Radical formation efficiencies similar to those obtained with a typical tertiary amine were estimated, so the present results suggest that these dye/dendrimer couples might be promising as photoinitiating systems for polymerizations with low ecol. impact. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0SDS of cas: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.SDS of cas: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Adsorption of Horseradish Peroxidase on Metallic Nanoparticles: Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species Detection Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate was written by Kessler, Amanda;Hedberg, Jonas;McCarrick, Sarah;Karlsson, Hanna L.;Blomberg, Eva;Odnevall, Inger. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2021.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

The fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) together with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is widely used in nanotoxicol. to study acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from nanoparticles (NPs). This study examined whether HRP adsorbs onto NPs of Mn, Ni, and Cu and if this surface process influences the extent of metal release and hence the ROS production measurements using the DCFH assay in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), saline, or Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM). Adsorption of HRP was evident onto all NPs and conditions, except for Mn NPs in PBS. The presence of HRP resulted in an increased release of copper from the Cu NPs in PBS and reduced levels of nickel from the Ni NPs in saline. Both metal ions in solution and the adsorption of HRP onto the NPs can change the activity of HRP and thus influence the ROS results. The effect of HRP on the NP reactivity was shown to be solution chem. dependent. Most notable was the evident affinity/adsorption of phosphate toward the metal NPs, followed by a reduced adsorption of HRP, the concomitant reduction in released manganese from the Mn NPs, and increased levels of released metals from the Cu NPs in PBS. Minor effects were observed for the Ni NPs. The solution pH should be monitored since the release of metals can change the solution pH and the activity of HRP is known to be pH-dependent. It is furthermore essential that solution pH adjustments are made following the addition of NaOH during diacetyl removal of DCFH-DA. Even though not observed for the given exposure conditions of this study, released metal ions could possibly induce agglomeration or partial denaturation of HRP, which in turn could result in steric hindrance for H₂O₂ to reach the active site of HRP. This study further emphasizes the influence of HRP on the background kinetics, its solution dependence, and effects on measured ROS signals. Different ways of correcting for the background are highlighted, as this can result in different interpretations of generated results. The results show that adsorption of HRP onto the metal NPs influenced the extent of metal release and may, depending on the investigated system, result in either under- or overestimated ROS signals if used together with the DCFH assay. HRP should hence be used with caution when measuring ROS in the presence of reactive metallic NPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of poly(thioether-ester) and superparamagnetic poly(thioether-ester) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene miniemulsion polymerization was written by Feuser, Paulo Emilio;Cardoso, Mariana de Melo;Galvani, Nathalia Coral;Zaccaron, Rubya Pereira;Venturini, Ligia Milanez;Rigo, Flavia Karine;Machado-de-Avila, Ricardo Andrez;Silveira, Paulo Cesar Lock;Sayer, Claudia;Hermes de Araujo, Pedro Henrique. And the article was included in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials in 2022.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Poly(thioether-ester) (PTEe) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene polymerization have received attention of many researchers due to several advantages, including, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The search for new nanomaterials requires toxicity studies to assess potential toxic effects of their administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity of PTEe and poly(thioether-ester)-coated magnetic nanoparticles prepared by thiol-ene polymerization in miniemulsion. These nanoparticles presented a mean size of approx. 120 nm, spherical morphol., and neg. surface charge. Doses of 40 mg/kg were administered i.p. to Swiss mice and nociceptive, behavioral and biochem. parameters were investigated in five different organs. None of the nanoparticles led to any alterations in the nociceptive and behavioral responses. Biochem. alterations were observed in liver, decreasing the sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) levels, suggesting the dependence of the GSH metabolism in the elimination of the nanoparticles. In general, both nanoparticle types did not cause disturbances in biochem. parameters analyzed in others organs. These results suggest that both nanoparticle types did not induce acute toxicity to the different organs evaluated, reinforcing the biocompatibility of PTEe nanoparticles synthesized by thiol-ene polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Category: benzofurans).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Sequential detection of Fe^3+/2+ and pyrophosphate by a colorimetric chemosensor in a near-perfect aqueous solution was written by Chae, Ju Byeong;Jang, Hyo Jung;Kim, Cheal. And the article was included in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences in 2017.Application of 54802-10-7 This article mentions the following:

A novel colorimetric chemosensor 1 was designed and synthesized for Fe^3+/2+ and pyrophosphate. Sensor 1 showed a selective color change toward both Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ from yellow to brown in a near-perfect aqueous solution The detection limits (0.36 μM and 0.37 μM) for Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ were much lower than the guideline (5.37 μM) set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for iron in drinking water. Sensor 1 could be used to quantify Fe³⁺ in real water samples. Moreover, the resulting Fe³⁺-2·1 complex can detect pyrophosphate selectively over various anions especially including phosphate-based anions through a metal-complex displacement method. Based on UV-vis titrations, Job plot and ESI-mass spectrometry analyses, the sensing mechanisms of Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺ and PPi were proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7Application of 54802-10-7).

3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Application of 54802-10-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Involvement of sex hormones, oxidative stress, ACE and ACE2 activity in the impairment of renal function and remodelling in SHR was written by Melo, Antonio F. Junior;Dalpiaz, Polyana Lima M.;Escouto, Leonardo da Silva;Sousa, Glauciene Januario;Aires, Rafaela;Oliveira, Nayara Damacena;Carmona, Adriana Karaoglanovic;Gava, Agata Lages;Bissoli, Nazare Souza. And the article was included in Life Sciences in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Hypertension is a relevant sex and sex hormones-dependent risk factor where the cardiovascular and renal health of the population are concerned. Men experience greater losses of renal function (RF) than women, but the mechanisms remain somewhat unclear. Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities and RF in male and female SHR. Twelve-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were submitted to either castration or SHAM surgery and divided into 4 groups, SHAM or Castrated (CAST) males or females. After 51 days we evaluated RF (inulin and sodium para-aminohippurate), ACE and ACE2 activities (fluorimetry), OS (flow cytometry), collagen deposition (picrosirius red) and protein expression (western blot). Males presented lower RF than females and castration impaired this parameter in both groups. Sexual dimorphism was not observed regarding OS and inflammation; however, castration increased this parameter more severely in males than in females. SHAM males exhibited higher collagen deposition than females, though castration increased it in both sexes, eliminating the difference. We found sexual dimorphism regarding renal ACE and ACE2 activities, which were lower in males than in females. Although castration did not alter ACE activity, it reduced ACE2 activity in females and increased it in males. These results indicate that sex hormones affect RF in SHR. As alterations in the oxidative system were capable of promoting podocyte injury, inflammation, and collagen deposition, we put forward that these effects are differently modulated by ACE and ACE2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidines was written by Basawaraj, Raga;Khandre, Omakar;Sangapure, S. S.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2011.Application of 54802-10-7 This article mentions the following:

2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxobenzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine was prepared by cyclocondensation of 3-amino-2-benzofurancarboxamide with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in presence of catalytic quantity of concentrate hydrochloric acid. The nucleophilic displacement reaction of the above compound with phosphorus oxychloride furnished 4-chloro-2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine. Benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives, e.g., I, were prepared by condensation of 4-chloro-2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine with amines. Synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral and anal. data. All the compounds were screened for biol. activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7Application of 54802-10-7).

3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 54802-10-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Daidzein alleviates neuronal damage and oxidative stress via GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway in mice was written by Wang, Xuerui;Yin, Zequn;Meng, Xianshe;Yang, Daigang;Meng, Huawen;Liao, Chenzhong;Wei, Lingling;Chen, Yuanli;Yang, Xiaoxiao;Han, Jihong;Duan, Yajun;Zhang, Shuang. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.Reference of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Daidzein (DAI) is one of the most commonly ingested phytoestrogens with anti-oxidant properties. However, the effects of DAI on oxidative stress in PD has not been reported. In this study, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for i.p. injection of C57/BL6J mice for continuous 7 days to simulate the pathol. process of PD. Results showed that DAI improved the movement disorders and reduced the loss of DA neurons in the brain of mice induced by MPTP. Mechanistically, in vitro, DAI pretreatment up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream SOD1 and SOD2 by inhibiting the activity of GSK3β in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells; in vivo, DAI pretreatment attenuated GSK3β activity, increased the expression of Nrf2 and downstream anti-oxidants SOD1, SOD2 and CAT. Our data demonstrated that DAI restrains oxidative stress in PD by regulating the GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Reference of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Reference of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem