Day: January 5, 2023

Photocatalytic Dearomative Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Heterocycles for Building Molecular Complexity was written by Oderinde, Martins S.;Ramirez, Antonio;Dhar, T. G. Murali;Cornelius, Lyndon A. M.;Jorge, Christine;Aulakh, Darpandeep;Sandhu, Bhupinder;Pawluczyk, Joseph;Sarjeant, Amy A.;Meanwell, Nicholas A.;Mathur, Arvind;Kempson, James. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

Indole and indoline rings are important pharmacophoric scaffolds found in marketed drugs, agrochems., and biol. active mols. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is a versatile strategy for constructing architecturally interesting, sp³-rich cyclobutane-fused scaffolds with potential applications in drug discovery programs. A general platform for visible-light mediated intermol. [2 + 2] cycloaddition of indoles with alkenes has been realized. A substrate-based screening approach led to the discovery of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected indole-2-carboxyesters as suitable motifs for the intermol. [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Significantly, the reaction proceeds in good yield with a wide variety of both activated and unactivated alkenes, including those containing free amines and alcs., and the transformation exhibits excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, the scope of the indole substrate is very broad, extending to previously unexplored azaindole heterocycles that collectively afford fused cyclobutane containing scaffolds that offer unique properties with functional handles and vectors suitable for further derivatization. DFT computational studies provide insights into the mechanism of this [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which is initiated by a triplet-triplet energy transfer process. The photocatalytic reaction was successfully performed on a 100 g scale to provide the dihydroindole analog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of euparin and dehydrotremetone was written by Ramachandran, P. K.;Chang, T.;Horton, W. J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1963.Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Me 5-acetyl-6-acetoxycoumarilate ketalized with (CH₂OH)₂ with the loss of the O-Ac group, and the product treated with excess MeMgI and chromatographed on Al₂O₃ yielded euparin (I), m. 121-2°; semicarbazone m. 254-5°; dinitrophenylhydrazone m. 254-5°; maleic anhydride adduct m. 244-5°. I gives a green color with FeCl₃ and an orange to red, brown, and then green color with concentrated H₂SO₄. Me coumarilate (II) acetylated in the presence – of AlCl₃ yielded the 5-Ac derivative (III) of II, the oxime of which was converted by a Bechmann rearrangement to the 5-NH₂ derivative (IV) of II. IV was then converted to the 5-Cl derivative of II, m. 94-6°. The catalytic reduction of III yielded the 5-Et derivative of II. The ethylene glycol ketal of III treated with MeMgI, and the resulting tertiary alc. dehydrated and cleaved by acid yielded dehydrotremetone (V), m. 84.0-5.5°; oxime m. 131.53.5°; maleic anhydride adduct m. 205-10°. The synthetic V was identical with V from Aplopappus heterophyllus and from Eupatorium urticaefolium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Application In Synthesis of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Celecoxib decreases mitochondrial complex IV activity and induces oxidative stress in isolated rat heart mitochondria: An analysis for its cardiotoxic adverse effect was written by Atashbar, Saman;Jamali, Zhaleh;Khezri, Saleh;Salimi, Ahmad. And the article was included in Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology in 2022.Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

In spite of the cardiotoxic effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, they are most widely used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Today, valdecoxib and rofecoxib have been withdrawn in the market but celecoxib remains. In this study, we focused on an anal. of celecoxib toxic effects on isolated mitochondria. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation. Using flow cytometry and biochem. assays, we searched succinate dehydrogenases, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, ATP/ADP ratio, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial complexes activity in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Herein, our results indicated a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV after exposure with celecoxib (16 Μg/mL). This decrease in the activity of complex IV is paralleled by the MMP collapse, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of ATP, and lipid peroxidation For the first time, this introductory study has shown a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV and mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure with celecoxib in rat heart isolated mitochondria. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Benzofurans, Indoles, and Alkenes via Cyclopropene Ring Opening was written by Ross, Rachel J.;Jeyaseelan, Rubaishan;Lautens, Mark. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Application of 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

The generation of metal carbenoids via ring opening of cyclopropenes by transition metals offers a simple entry into highly reactive intermediates. Herein, we describe a diastereoselective intermol. rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of heterocycles and alkenes using cyclopropenes as carbene precursors with a low loading of a com. available rhodium catalyst. The reported method is scalable and could be performed with catalyst loadings as low as 0.2 mol %, with no impact to the reaction yield or selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Application of 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Application of 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Phosphotungstic acid mediated, microwave assisted solvent-free green synthesis of highly functionalized 2′-spiro and 2, 3-dihydro quinazolinone and 2-methylamino benzamide derivatives from aryl and heteroaryl 2-amino amides was written by Novanna, Motakatla;Kannadasan, Sathananthan;Shanmugam, Ponnusamy. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2019.Related Products of 54802-10-7 This article mentions the following:

Phosphotungstic acid has been found as green catalyst for the synthesis of spiro and cyclized quinazolinones and 2-amino substituted carboxamide under microwave irradiation and solvent-free condition. The scope of the reaction has been demonstrated for a variety of aldehydes and ketones with o-amino amides such as 2-aminobenzamide, 2-amino-5-iodobenzamide, 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxamide, 3-aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide and 2-aminopyridine-3-carboxamide. The reaction afforded spiro-, cyclized quinazolinones and 2-amino substituted carboxamide derivatives within few minutes of irradiation in excellent yield. Plausible mechanism for the formation of products is provided. Synthetic utility of 1’H-spiro[fluorene-9,2′-quinazolin]-4′(3’H)-one 3a (I) has been demonstrated by synthesis of 1,4-di(1’H-spiro[fluorene-9,2′-quinazolin]-4′(3’H)-one) buta-1,3-diyne 12 (II), 1′-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl)-1’H-spiro[fluorene-9,2′-quinazolin]-4′(3’H)-one 13 (III) and 1′-phenyl-1’H-spiro[fluorene-9,2′-quinazolin]-4′(3’H)-one 14 (IV) under standard protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7Related Products of 54802-10-7).

3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Related Products of 54802-10-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Direct amine-functionalization of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles was written by Rocher, V.;Manerova, J.;Kinnear, M.;Evans, D. J.;Francesconi, M. G.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2014.Related Products of 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A novel and simple preparation of amine-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles is described. The presence of amine groups on the surface, instead of hydroxyl groups, will allow conjugation of biol. active mols. to the Fe oxide nanoparticles without the need for a size increasing SiO₂ shell. Also, the outer amine-layer increases the temperature of the γ-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃ structural transition in a similar way to previously reported cationic substitutions. This may suggest the formation of an oxide-nitride outer layer. Re-dispersion of the amine-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles gave stable ferrofluids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Related Products of 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Related Products of 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The Effect of Single Nucleotide Variations in the Transmembrane Domain of OATP1B1 on in vitro Functionality was written by Kiander, Wilma;Vellonen, Kati-Sisko;Malinen, Melina M.;Gynther, Mikko;Hagstrom, Marja;Bhattacharya, Madhushree;Auriola, Seppo;Koenderink, Jan B.;Kidron, Heidi. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Research in 2021.Formula: C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Purpose: Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) mediates hepatic influx and clearance of many drugs, including statins. The SLCO1B1 gene is highly polymorphic and its function-impairing variants can predispose patients to adverse effects. The effects of rare genetic variants of SLCO1B1 are mainly unexplored. We examined the impact of eight naturally occurring rare variants and the well-known SLCO1B1 c.521C > T (V174A) variant on in vitro transport activity, cellular localization and abundance. Methods: Transport of rosuvastatin and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in OATP1B1 expressing HEK293 cells was measured to assess changes in activity of the variants. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy determined the cellular localization of OATP1B1 and LC-MS/MS based quant. targeted absolute proteomics anal. quantified the amount of OATP1B1 in crude membrane fractions. Results: All studied variants, with the exception of P336R, reduced protein abundance to varying degree. V174A reduced protein abundance the most, over 90% compared to wild type. Transport function was lost in G76E, V174A, L193R and R580Q variants. R181C decreased activity significantly, while T345M and L543W retained most of wild type OATP1B1 activity. P336R showed increased activity and H575L decreased the transport of DCF significantly, but not of rosuvastatin. Decreased activity was interrelated with lower absolute protein abundance in the studied variants. Conclusions: Transmembrane helixes 2, 4 and 11 appear to be crucial for proper membrane localization and function of OATP1B1. Four of the studied variants were identified as loss-of-function variants and as such could make the individual harboring these variants susceptible to altered pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of substrate drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Formula: C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Formula: C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Effect of eugenol treatment in hyperglycemic murine models: A meta-analysis was written by Carvalho, Renner Philipe Rodrigues;Lima, Graziela Domingues de Almeida;Machado-Neves, Mariana. And the article was included in Pharmacological Research in 2021.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Diabetes is a highly prevalent health condition affecting many people worldwide. In vitro studies have described the pos. effects of cloves and its major compound, eugenol, in the treatment of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of this compound are neg., neutral, or pos., on hyperglycemic animals. Therefore, a meta-anal. review was conducted to determine the magnitude of effects of eugenol on variables directly and indirectly related to diabetes. This study revealed that eugenol treatment decreased the glucose levels and the activity of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, ameliorated the lipid profile, and reduced the oxidative, renal, and hepatic damages in hyperglycemic rodents. Moreover, eugenol alleviated the weight loss and restored the activity of the antioxidant defense system. Insulin levels was not affected by eugenol treatment. Also, mixed model analyses revealed that the use of purified or non-purified eugenol and the concentrations administered significantly affected the treatment outcome. In conclusion, our findings indicate that eugenol may have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, this study can direct future preclin. and clin. trials, with important implications for human health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Category: benzofurans).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Behavioural and biochemical parameters in guppy (Poecilia vivipara) following exposure to waterborne zinc in salt or hard water was written by Leitemperger, Jossiele;Muller, Talise Ellwanger;Cerezer, Cristina;Marins, Aline Teixeira;de Moura, Leticia Kuhn;Loro, Vania Lucia. And the article was included in Molecular Biology Reports in 2019.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Therefore, this study aimed investigate the influence of salinity, hardness on Zn toxicity on the behaviors and biochem. parameters of the estuarine guppy (Poecilia vivipara). The fish were exposed to waterborne zinc (500μg L^-1) in salt water (25 ppt) or hard water (120 mg L^-1 CaCO₃). For behavioral anal., the locomotive and exploratory parameters of fish in novel environment and light-dark tests were evaluated. We observed that exposure to hard water decreased the distance covered by the fish, and when zinc also present the vertical exploratory behavior decreased. When zinc was tested alone, an increase in the maximum speed of fish was recorded. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total peroxidation and, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteins thiols levels, acetylcholinesterase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities were evaluated in the whole fish body. The integrated biomarker response was calculated for each parameter to aid in the interpretation of the results and indicated that hard water containing zinc had the greatest effect on the biochem. parameters of the fish. In general, neither salinity nor hardness were totally effective in protecting the guppy from the biochem. damage caused by exposure to zinc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A Spectroscopic Study of Xanthene Dyes on a Polystyrene Surface: an Investigation of Ion-π Interactions at Polymer Interfaces was written by Mullen, Matthew;Fontaine, Nolan;Euler, William B.. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorescence in 2020.SDS of cas: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Thin films of three differently charged xanthene dyes: rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, cationic), fluorescein 27 (F27, neutral), and disodium fluorescein (DSF, anionic) were cast onto a polystyrene (PS) coated glass substrate to investigate ion-π interactions. Absorbance spectroscopy was used to determine the aggregation state of the dyes on the PS surface. Deconvolution of the spectra of films revealed multiple peaks for all dyes assigned to isolated monomers, aggregates, and complexes between the dye and the polymer substrate. The shift of the low energy peak relative to the monomer peak was used as an indication of interaction strength of that species with the PS π system, which followed the trend of Rh6G > DSF > F27. Increase in the interaction energy is attributed to stabilization from ion-π interactions. Steady-state emission spectra and excited state lifetime measurements were performed on all films. The formation of a weakly emissive exciplex was found for Rh6G and DSF, consistent with ion-π interactions, but no evidence of an exciplex is found for the F27 films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0SDS of cas: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.SDS of cas: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem