Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

Optical and structural dynamical behavior of Crystal Violet Lactone – Phenolphthalein binary thermochromic systems was written by Raditoiu, Alina;Raditoiu, Valentin;Nicolae, Cristian Andi;Raduly, Monica Florentina;Amariutei, Viorica;Wagner, Luminita Eugenia. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2016.Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7 This article mentions the following:

Several binary composites based on Crystal Violet Lactone (CVL) color former and Phenolphthalein (PPht) developing agent dissolved in 1-tetradecanol (TD) were studied in order to determine how different ratios between components influence the thermochromic behavior of the composites. The color dependence on temperature was investigated in direct relationship with structural changes and interactions between components. The stoichiometry of the colored complex was determined from diffuse reflectance data and confirmed by means of steady state fluorescence measurements and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The color former: developing agent molar ratio equal to 1:2.5 was determined to ensure the reversibility of the process in optimal conditions. The characteristics of the color path and the influence of thermal history during thermochromic transition were analyzed from the variations of CIELAB color parameters during successive heating/cooling cycles. Dynamic colorimetric properties of the thermochromic binary composite containing the components in optimum ratio are described by four characteristic temperatures in the hysteresis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Modification of oligopeptides on aspartic acid or lysine residues by solid-phase synthesis through on-resin side-chain conjugation was written by Ning, Xibo;Liu, Di;Liu, Shimiao;Zhang, Mingjie;Shen, Hongyan. And the article was included in Synlett in 2018.Recommanded Product: 92557-80-7 This article mentions the following:

On-resin side-chain conjugations of various moieties to oligopeptides were performed through an orthogonal protecting protocol using side-chain-protecting groups for aspartic acid or lysine that could be selectively removed on-resin. Various types of modification, such as PEGylation, biotinylation, glycosylation, or fluorophore-labeling of peptides, were realized by using this strategy. The formation of ester, amide, hydrazide, and thiourea bonds was accomplished through the on-resin conjugation. Our work provides an improved and convenient solid-phase synthetic protocol for the modification of oligopeptides on their aspartic acid or lysine residues. This is a universal and practical method that is expected to increase the potential application of peptide-related drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3′,6′-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-5-carboxylate (cas: 92557-80-7Recommanded Product: 92557-80-7).

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3′,6′-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-5-carboxylate (cas: 92557-80-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Recommanded Product: 92557-80-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Acid-base dissociation and tautomerism of two aminofluorescein dyes in solution was written by Mchedlov-Petrossyan, Nikolay O.;Cheipesh, Tatyana A.;Vodolazkaya, Natalya A.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2017.Product Details of 3326-34-9 This article mentions the following:

The four-step dissociation of two fluorescein dyes bearing the amino group in 4′- and 5′-positions of the phthalic moiety was studied in water. The constants describing the equilibrium H₄R²⁺⇌H₃R⁺ ⇌ H₂R ⇌ HR- ⇌ R^2- were determined using the spectrophotometric method, at 25 °. In water, four steps of aminofluoresceins dissociation occur within pH range of 0-9. On going to 50 mass % aqueous ethanol, the increase in the pK_a1, pK_a2 and decrease in the pK_a0, pK_a(-1) values take place. The visible absorption spectra, referring to all the ionic (mol.) forms, were singled out. On the whole, the behavior of 4′-aminofluorescein is closer to that of the mother compound The shift of the equilibrium on introducing 50 mass % ethanol into the aqueous solution allowed better understanding the detailed scheme of prototropic equilibrium The tautomeric equilibrium of the mols. shifts toward the colorless lactone. This effect is expressed stronger for the 5′-aminofluorescein. For this dye, even signs of such tautomers of the single-charged anion as anion-lactone and phenolate anion are observed in aqueous ethanol, which are atypical for fluorescein in water-based solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9Product Details of 3326-34-9).

5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Product Details of 3326-34-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In vivo pharmacokinetic analyses of placental transfer of three drugs of different physicochemical properties in pregnant rats was written by Mehta, Darshan;Li, Miao;Nakamura, Noriko;Chidambaram, Mani;He, Xiaobo;Bryant, Matthew S.;Patton, Ralph;Davis, Kelly;Fisher, Jeffrey. And the article was included in Reproductive Toxicology in 2022.COA of Formula: C43H51N3O11 This article mentions the following:

Although the use of medication during pregnancy is common, information on exposure to the developing fetus and potential teratogenic effects is often lacking. This study used a rat model to examine the placental transfer of three small-mol. drugs with mol. weights ranging from approx. 300 to 800 Da with different physicochem. properties. Time-mated Sprague Dawley (Hsd:SD) rats aged 11-13 wk were administered either glyburide, rifaximin, or fentanyl at gestational day 15. Maternal blood, placentae, and fetuses were collected at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-dose. To characterize the rate and extent of placental drug transfer, we calculated several pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL), and volume of distribution (Vd) for plasma, placenta, and fetus tissues. The results indicated showed that fetal exposure was lowest for glyburide, accounting for only 2.2% of maternal plasma exposure as measured by their corresponding AUC ratio, followed by rifaximin (37.9%) and fentanyl (172.4%). The fetus/placenta AUC ratios were found to be 10.7% for glyburide, 11.8% for rifaximin, and 39.1% for fentanyl. These findings suggest that although the placenta acts as a protective shield for the fetus, the extent of protection varies for different drugs and depends on factors such as mol. weight, lipid solubility, transporter-mediated efflux, and binding to maternal and fetal plasma proteins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4COA of Formula: C43H51N3O11).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.COA of Formula: C43H51N3O11

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

General survey of Fructus Psoraleae from different origins and chemical identification of roasted from raw Fructus Psoraleae was written by Yang, Junjun;Yang, Jing;Du, Jie;Feng, Yuxin;Chai, Xin;Xiao, Mingming;Wang, Yuefei;Gao, Xiumei. And the article was included in Journal of Food and Drug Analysis in 2018.Related Products of 905954-17-8 This article mentions the following:

Fructus Psoraleae, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for preventing and treating various diseases such as vitiligo, osteoporosis and psoriasis. Coumarin, such as psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen, are important compounds in Fructus Psoraleae. In our study, ultra performance liquid chromatog. coupled with diode array detector was employed for an excellent method validation for simultaneous quantification of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen, which was further applied in performing general survey of Fructus Psoraleae from the different origins and chem. identification of the roasted from raw Fructus Psoraleae in the light of illuminating the transformed rule of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside. There is a reciprocal relationship between (iso)psoralenoside and (iso)psoralen, and the total content remains balance in Fructus Psoraleae from the different origins. In addition, we found that (iso)psoralenoside in the powder of the raw Fructus Psoraleae could be easily transformed into (iso)psoralen in methanol aqueous solution, especially above 50% water, rather than the roasted one. Thus, we proposed a hypothesis that transformation between (iso)psoralenoside and (iso)psoralen was hindered by inactivation of β-glucosidase in the process of roasting Fructus Psoraleae, which was further verified by observing transformation of (iso)psoralenoside under the different conditions, such as temperature, pH and β-glucosidase. Therefore, we developed a feasible method to distinguish the roasted from raw Fructus Psoraleae by observing conversion from (iso)psoralenoside to (iso)psoralen in 50% methanol aqueous solution In summary, these results pave the way for elevating quality standard for Fructus Psoraleae and distinguishing the salt-processed from raw Fructus Psoraleae. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8Related Products of 905954-17-8).

(Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Related Products of 905954-17-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Effects of fraxinellone on the peritrophic membrane of Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) was written by Lu, Min;Chen, Su-ying;Han, Li-bo;Hu, Jun-yun;Xu, Hui;Wu, Wen-jun. And the article was included in Kunchong Xuebao in 2014.Formula: C14H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Isolated from the root-bark of Diatamnus dasycarpus Turcz., fraxinellone exhibits stomach toxicity against pests. This study aims to clarify the insecticidal mechanism of fraxinellone by investigating the effects of fraxinellone on the peritrophic membrane of the 6th instar larvae of Mythimna separata. Through biochem. methods and SEM observation, the content of carbohydrates, the contents and components of proteins and the surface structure of the peritrophic membrane of the 6th instar larvae of M. separata after in vivo and in vitro treatments with fraxinellone were studied. In vivo treatment of fraxinellone (20 mg/mL) resulted in a drop of the protein content in the 6th instar larvae of M. separata. However, after M. separata larvae were subjected to in vivo (20 mg/mL fraxinellone) and in vitro (8 mg/mL fraxinellone) treatments with fraxinellone, the contents of carbohydrates of both treatments increased, which were 1.75 and 2.17 folds as high as those of the control, resp. SDS-PAGE result showed that partial proteins were hydrolyzed in the 6th instar larvae of M. separata subjected to in vivo and in vitro treatment with fraxinellone. SEM observation showed that the surface structure of peritrophic membrane changed after the 6th instar larvae of M. separata were treated with fraxinellone in vivo and in vitro. These results showed that fraxinellone affected the contents of carbohydrates and the contents and components of proteins, and altered the surface structure of the peritrophic membrane of M. separata larvae. This study provides a basis for further research on the insecticidal mechanisms of fraxinellone against pests. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0Formula: C14H16O3).

(3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Formula: C14H16O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Polymer screening method for chemically amplified electron-beam and x-ray resists was written by Yamamoto, Hiroki;Nakano, Atsuro;Okamoto, Kazumasa;Kozawa, Takahiro;Tagawa, Seiichi. And the article was included in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1 in 2004.Product Details of 1552-42-7 This article mentions the following:

In the acid generation processes of chem. amplified electron-beam and x-ray resists, protons come from not acid generators but base polymers. This means that the selection of base polymers has a great effect on the acid generation efficiency. The authors describe a convenient method of screening polymers for acid generation. The authors also showed the difference in acid generation efficiencies among substituted polystyrenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Product Details of 1552-42-7).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Product Details of 1552-42-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Target and Suspect Screening of Urinary Biomarkers for Current-use Pesticides: Application of a Simple Extraction Method was written by Huang, Zhoubing;Li, Huizhen;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

Pesticide residues pose a great threat to human health. Biomonitoring with urine samples has often been used to assess pesticide exposure to humans, and identifying appropriate biomarkers is a premise of success. Current-use pesticides (CUPs) including neonicotinoids tend to be transformed in an organism, and thus the biomonitoring studies focusing on parent compounds alone may underestimate their risk. It is imperative to develop effective methods to analyze CUPs and their metabolites simultaneously and to identify viable metabolites as urinary biomarkers. For analyzing xenobiotics in urine, we optimized CH₃COCH₃-MgSO₄ extraction coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry detection method. The method had sensitive method detection limits (0.11-1.39 ng/mL), low matrix effects, and satisfactory recovery and precision (49.4% ± 7.2%-99.8% ± 17.8%) for neonicotinoids and their metabolites. Application of the method for real samples showed that children living in rural areas in South China were ubiquitously exposed to CUPs, including neonicotinoids, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos, and urinary residues were mainly in the form of metabolites. Suitable biomarkers were identified for individual neonicotinoids, including imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-guanidine for imidacloprid, acetamiprid-N-desmethyl for acetamiprid, thiacloprid-amide for thiacloprid, and N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam for thiamethoxam. Three metabolites were mainly reported in urine samples, including imidacloprid-urea, thiacloprid-amide, and N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam. In addition, the method was also applied for suspect screening, and an addnl. metabolite (clothianidin-desmethyl-nitrosoguanidine) was identified, showing its potential application in suspect anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Reference of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Reference of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Visualization of plant cell wall lignification using fluorescence-tagged monolignols was written by Tobimatsu, Yuki;Wagner, Armin;Donaldson, Lloyd;Mitra, Prajakta;Niculaes, Claudiu;Dima, Oana;Kim, Jeong Im;Anderson, Nickolas;Loque, Dominique;Boerjan, Wout;Chapple, Clint;Ralph, John. And the article was included in Plant Journal in 2013.Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran This article mentions the following:

Lignin is an abundant phenylpropanoid polymer produced by the oxidative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcs. (monolignols). Lignification, i.e., deposition of lignin, is a defining feature of secondary cell wall formation in vascular plants, and provides an important mechanism for their disease resistance; however, many aspects of the cell wall lignification process remain unclear partly because of a lack of suitable imaging methods to monitor the process in vivo. In this study, a set of monolignol analogs γ-linked to fluorogenic aminocoumarin and nitrobenzofuran dyes were synthesized and tested as imaging probes to visualize the cell wall lignification process in Arabidopsis thaliana and Pinus radiata under various feeding regimens. In particular, we demonstrate that the fluorescence-tagged monolignol analogs can penetrate into live plant tissues and cells, and appear to be metabolically incorporated into lignifying cell walls in a highly specific manner. The localization of the fluorogenic lignins synthesized during the feeding period can be readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and is distinguishable from the other wall components such as polysaccharides as well as the pre-existing lignin that was deposited earlier in development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran).

2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Comparison on the effect of seven drugs to prevent relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A modeling analysis of literature aggregate data was written by Luo, Jieren;Yu, Jiesen;Sui, Zichao;Zhong, Ying;Zheng, Qingshan;Li, Lujin. And the article was included in International Immunopharmacology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid This article mentions the following:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive comparison of the effect of seven drugs to prevent relapses of NMOSD. A literature search was conducted using public databases. Clin. studies on the seven drugs (eculizumab, inebilizumab, satralizumab, rituximab, tocilizumab, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent relapses of NMOSD were identified. A time-course model was established using the time to first relapse as the primary endpoint, in order to evaluate the long-term effect of each drug in preventing relapse. Twenty-four trials, including 2207 patients, were included in the model anal. The results showed that monoclonal antibody therapy could significantly prolong the time to first relapse. Among all seven drugs, eculizumab can most significantly prevent patient from relapse. The estimated proportion of relapse-free patients treated with eculizumab was 98.9% at 24 mo. Based on the construction of a time-course pharmacodynamic model, this study made a comprehensive quant. comparison of seven drugs for the treatment of NMOSD for the first time. These results can not only serve as a quant. supplement for the rational use of drugs in clin. practice but also provide a pharmacodynamic reference for clin. trial design and decision making in the future. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1Application In Synthesis of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid).

(E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Application In Synthesis of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem