Tag: M.W=400-500

SDS of cas: 70539-42-3. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Molecular characteristics and evidence for internalization of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in the tumoral rat-pancreatic acinar cell line AR 4-2 J. Author is Svoboda, Michal; De Neef, Philippe; Tastenoy, Michele; Christophe, Jean.

VIP receptors were investigated in the tumoral acinar cell line AR 4-2 J derived from rat pancreas. After incubation with 20 nM dexamethasone, the binding capacity increased twofold but affinities were unchanged. External [125I]iodo-VIP binding to intact cells reached steady state after 5 min at 37°, whereas the sequestration-internalization of the [125I]iodo-VIP-receptor complex (tested by cold acid washing) increased progressively, reaching 75% of total binding after 1 h. This phenomenon was blocked at 4°. Further data with dexamethasone, tunicamycin, cycloheximide, low temperature, and/or phenylarsine oxide suggested a half-life of 2 days for VIP receptors and the necessity of N-glycosylation for proper translocation. For chem. [125I]iodo-VIP crosslinking, bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone gave the best yield when compared with five other bifunctional reagents. In membranes, the main specifically cross-linked peptide had Mr 66,000 under nonreducing conditions, and migrated with lower velocity (-5%) under reducing conditions. Crosslinking was suppressed by VIP, peptide His-IleNH2 and helodermin (competitively) and also by GTP. In intact cells, the Mr of [125I]iodo-VIP-cross-linked peptides depended on the mode of cell solubilization. After direct solubilization, the major cross-linked radioactivity migrated as a smear of Mr 130,000-180,000 but an Mr-66,000 peptide was also detectable. In contrast, the solubilization of cross-linked cells detached by mild trypsinization gave mainly the Mr-66,000 labeled peptide. This suggests that most VIP receptors in intact, attached cells were in a high-Mr complex and that mild cell treatment was sufficient to disrupt this complex.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3 ) is researched.Safety of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.Sereikaite, Jolanta; Bumelis, Vladas-Algirdas published the article 《Congo red interaction with α-proteins》 about this compound( cas:70539-42-3 ) in Acta Biochimica Polonica. Keywords: Congo red growth hormone interferon alpha2b complex oligomerization. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:70539-42-3).

The ability of Congo red to form complexes with α-proteins, human growth hormone and human interferon-α2b, was found by absorption difference spectroscopy. A human growth hormone-Congo red complex was isolated by gel-permeation chromatog., and its visible absorption spectrum was registered in comparison to free dye. The ability of Congo red to induce dimerization of human growth hormone was demonstrated using chem. crosslinking agents 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine and ethylene glycol bis(succinimidylsuccinate).

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on formyl peptide chemotactic receptors of human phagocytic cells》. Authors are Malech, Harry L.; Gardner, Joseph P.; Heiman, Donald F.; Rosenzweig, Steven A..The article about the compound:Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinatecas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O).Reference of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) is conveyed.

Formyl peptide chemotactic receptors affinity-labeled with N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-[125I]iodo-Tyr-Lys (where Nle represents norleucine) and ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) consist of 2 isoelec. forms with cell type differences in both apparent size and charge [neutrophils: 55-70 kilodaltons (kDa), pI 5.8, and 6.2.; monocytes: 60-75 kDa, pI 5.6 and 6.0; differentiated HL-60 cells: 62-85 kDa, pI 5.6 and 6.0]. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (endo F) cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides from formyl peptide receptor generates 40-50- and 33-kDa products that can be affinity-labeled. Whereas both pI forms of this receptor from neutrophils are cleaved by endo F to 33-kDa final products, this cleavage does not eliminate pI differences. Tunicamycin decreases expression of formyl peptide receptor on differentiating HL-60 and causes a dose-dependent decrease in size of the major product seen after affinity labeling (0.5 μg/mL: 38-48 kDa; 2 μg/mL: 32 kDa). Thus, the formyl peptide receptor polypeptide backbone from all 3 cell types contains at least 2 N-linked oligosaccharide side chains which contribute to the cell type differences in mol. weight and are not required for ligand binding. Papain treatment of intact cells generates a membrane-bound formyl peptide receptor fragment that can be affinity-labeled and is of similar size (29-31 kDa) in all 3 cell types. Endo F treatment of the affinity-labeled papain fragment of formyl peptide receptor does not alter its size, suggesting that this fragment does not contain the N-linked oligosaccharide cleaved by endo F from intact receptor. The results indicate that at least two N-linked oligosaccharide chains are located on the distal 1-3-kDa portion of the receptor polypeptide backbone.

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Bhattacharya, Ushashi; Jhou, Jia-Fong; Zou, Yi-Fong; Abrigo, Gerald; Lin, Shu-Wei; Chen, Yun-Hsuan; Chien, Fan-Ching; Tai, Hwan-Ching published an article about the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O ).Electric Literature of C18H20N2O12. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) through the article.

Synaptosomes are subcellular fractions prepared from brain tissues that are enriched in synaptic terminals, widely used for the study of neural transmission and synaptic dysfunction. Immunofluorescence imaging is increasingly applied to synaptosomes to investigate protein localization. However, conventional methods for imaging synaptosomes over glass coverslips suffer from formaldehyde-induced aggregation. Here, we developed a facile strategy to capture and image synaptosomes without aggregation artifacts. First, ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) is chosen as the chem. fixative to replace formaldehyde. EGS/glycine treatment makes the zeta potential of synaptosomes more neg. Second, we modified glass coverslips with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to impart pos. charges. EGS-fixed synaptosomes spontaneously attach to modified glasses via electrostatic attraction while maintaining good dispersion. Individual synaptic terminals are imaged by conventional fluorescence microscopy or by super-resolution techniques such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). We examined tau protein by two-color and three-color dSTORM to understand its spatial distribution within mouse cortical synapses, observing tau colocalization with synaptic vesicles as well postsynaptic densities.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Increased turnover of surface insulin receptors in fibroblastic cultures from genetically diabetic (DB/DB) mice, published in 1985, which mentions a compound: 70539-42-3, mainly applied to insulin receptor metabolism diabetes, Application In Synthesis of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

The turnover of surface insulin receptors in fibroblastic cultures from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice was faster than in nondiabetic cells. In addition, fewer receptors were incorporated into the plasma membrane per h in diabetic cells than in nondiabetic cells. It is possible to propose a model to account for the altered expression of surface insulin receptors in diabetic cells on the basis of abnormalities of receptor incorporation and turnover.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Thermostabilized chemical derivatives of horseradish peroxidase》. Authors are Ryan, Orlaith; Smyth, Malcolm R.; Fagain, Ciaran O..The article about the compound:Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinatecas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O).Electric Literature of C18H20N2O12. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) is conveyed.

Horseradish peroxidase finds a variety of uses in anal., immunol., organic synthesis, and biosensors. Although moderately stable, its applicability to biosensors and other fields would be greatly enhanced if it could be made yet more stable. Appropriate chem. modification can substantially stabilize enzymes. Here the authors describe the use of bis-imidates and of bis-succinimides to modify free amino groups of com. horseradish peroxidase under mild conditions of pH and temperature Imidates yielded a marginal stabilization. Some of the succinimide derivatives, however, are much more thermostable than the native enzyme. Apparent half-lives indicate stabilizations of 6- to 23-fold, depending on the bis-succinimide used. These modifications preserve the carbohydrate side chains for subsequent reaction or immobilization.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Chemical crosslinking approach to reveal spatial arrangement of subunits in PS II oxygen-evolving core complexes.Quality Control of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

The spatial arrangement of subunits of photosystem II O2-evolving core complexes was analyzed by crosslinking the core complexes with bifunctional crosslinking agent [such as 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, di-Me hexanedioate, N,N- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, etc.] at room temperature for 10 min, terminating with 10% glycine solution, centrifuging, suspending in SMN buffer (composed of sucrose 0.4, NaCl 10, and Mes-NaOH 50 mM, its pH 6.0), and detecting via SDS-PAGE.

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Paik, Chang H.; Quadri, Syed M.; Reba, Richard C. published the article 《Interposition of different chemical linkages between antibody and 111In-DTPA to accelerate clearance from non-target organs and blood》. Keywords: indium 111 DTPA antibody linkage biodistribution.They researched the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3 ).Computed Properties of C18H20N2O12. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) here.

Two chem. labile linkages, disulfide and diester, and 2 stable linkages, thioether and hydrocarbon, were introduced between antibody and 111In-DTPA in order to modify their biodistributions. The biodistributions of the new linkages were evaluated in rats with target antigens localized in lungs. For comparison purpose, the antibody-DTPA conjugate with a peptide linkage was used as a control conjugate. The antibody conjugates with the stable linkages produced a biodistribution similar to that of the peptide-linked conjugate during a 48 h period. The disulfide and diester conjugates, however, cleared from blood much faster and were retained in normal organs much less than the peptide conjugate. The disulfide and the diester conjugate amplified the lung (target) to blood ratio by 15- and 6-fold, resp., at 48 h, as compared to the corresponding target to blood ratio of the control conjugate. Compared to the control conjugate, a 3-fold higher target to liver ratio was also obtained by the disulfide conjugate and a 4-fold higher target to kidney ratio was obtained by the diester conjugate at 48 h.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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Computed Properties of C18H20N2O12. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Sulfo-SADP (sulfosuccinimidyl[4-azidophenyldithio]propionate) an active site directed reagent inhibiting the NADPH dependent O2- generation of leukocyte cytochrome b558. Author is Cheng, Ming; Guillory, Richard John.

Functional reagents known to bring about the formation of a distinct membrane mol. complex of the subunits of cytochrome b558 (gp 91phox and p22phox) were investigated for their influence on the O2- generating capability of liposome incorporated cytochrome b558 preparations One, ethyleneglycolbis[sulfo-succinimidylsuccinate], (sulfo-EGS) was found to inhibit O2- generation at concentrations which are known to result in crosslinking the two subunits of cytochrome b558. Sulfosuccinimidyl [4-azidophenyldithio]propionate, (sulfo-SADP) on the other hand, was found to be a powerful inhibitor of the cytochrome b558 dependent O2- production at concentrations not able to result in cross linking of the two subunits. Sulfo-SADP inhibits the cytochrome b558 O2- production 50% at 25 μM, while sulfo-EGS requires 400 μM. For these reagents, the succinimidyl group of sulfo-SADP and sulfo-EGS is the reactive group, which inhibit irreversibly, cytochrome b558 generation of O2-. Both sulfo-SADP and sulfo-EGS have similar linker arms of 13.9 and 16.1 Å, resp. The difference, accounting for the strong inhibitory profile for sulfo-SADP as compared with sulfo-EGS, resides in the aryl group associated with the sulfo-SADP. The aryl group of sulfo-SADP has been found to be important in directing the specificity of the probe in its inhibition of O2- generation. When the disulfide bond linking the aromatic portion of the probe to the succinimidyl ring is cleaved by DTT (dithiothreitol), the product loses its specificity and has an inhibitory activity with respect to O2- generation comparable to that of sulfo-EGS. The partial protection against the inhibitory influence of sulfo-SADP by NADP+ indicates that the reagent may interact at the pyridine nucleotide-binding domain of cytochrome b558. Its low inhibitory titer and its water solubility suggest that sulfo-SADP reacts with a specific amine (the primary reactant for the succinimidyl group) on cytochrome b558.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Herzig, Maryanne C. S.; Weigel, Paul H. published an article about the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O ).Product Details of 70539-42-3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) through the article.

Asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) was derivatized with 5 homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester crosslinkers. NHS/ASOR derivatives were synthesized, purified, and applied within 10 min to isolated rat hepatocytes at 4°. Specific binding of these 125I-labeled derivatives was ∼90% in the presence of either EGTA or excess ASOR. Specific crosslinking, assessed by the resistance of specifically bound NHS/125I-ASOR to release by EGTA, was 50-75% of the specifically bound ligand. The extent of specific crosslinking correlated with the average number of NHS groups per ASOR and was controlled by varying the molar ratio of crosslinker to ASOR during the synthesis. Crosslinking proceeded rapidly at 4° as a 1st-order process (k = 0.25 min-1, t1/2 = 2.8 min). After being crosslinked with any of the NHS/125I-ASOR derivatives, cells were washed with EGTA, solubilized in Triton X 100, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiog. Major bands were observed at Mr ≃ 83, 94, and 105 kilodaltons corresponding to the expected size of 1:1 adducts between NHS/ASOR (Mr ≃ 41.3 kilodaltons) and the 3 subunits of the receptor, Mr ≃ 43, 50, and 60 kilodaltons. The 3 subunits, rat hepatic lectin (RHL) 1, 2, and 3, were labeled in the ratio of about 1.0:1.2:1.0, resp. After crosslinking, a polyclonal goat antibody to the receptor immunoprecipitated up to 100% of the specifically crosslinked NHS/125I-ASOR. Preimmune IgG immunoprecipitated <1% of the radiolabeled ligand. Cell surface receptors were crosslinked to NHS-ASOR, extracted with Triton X 100, immunoprecipitated with anti-orosomucoid-Sepharose, and subjected to Western blot anal. By use of antisera specific for RHL 1 or RHL 2/3 (from K. Drickamer), crosslinked complexes of Mr ∼85 kilodaltons or ∼90-115 kilodaltons, resp., were detected as were uncrosslinked native subunits. The ratio of free to crosslinked subunits was ∼10:1 for RHL 1 and ∼0.5:1 for RHL 2/3. Apparently, all 3 receptor subunits can crosslink to ligand. A model is proposed in which the native receptor is a heterohexamer composed of 4 subunits of RHL 1 and 2 subunits of RHL 2 and/or RHL 3. From this literature《Synthesis and characterization of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester chemical affinity derivatives of asialoorosomucoid that covalently crosslink to galactosyl receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes》,we know some information about this compound(70539-42-3)Product Details of 70539-42-3, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(70539-42-3).

Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem