Category: 70539-42-3

Black, Kvar C. L.; Ibricevic, Aida; Gunsten, Sean P.; Flores, Jeniree A.; Gustafson, Tiffany P.; Raymond, Jeffery E.; Samarajeewa, Sandani; Shrestha, Ritu; Felder, Simcha E.; Cai, Tianyi; Shen, Yuefei; Lobs, Ann-Kathrin; Zhegalova, Natalia; Sultan, Deborah H.; Berezin, Mikhail; Wooley, Karen L.; Liu, Yongjian; Brody, Steven L. published the article 《In vivo fate tracking of degradable nanoparticles for lung gene transfer using PET and Ĉerenkov imaging》. Keywords: DNA gene therapy transfection vector lung PET imaging; Biodistribution; Cytotoxicity; Degradable nanoparticle; Gene expression; Lung; Čerenkov luminescence imaging.They researched the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3 ).Quality Control of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) here.

Nanoparticles (NPs) play expanding roles in biomedical applications including imaging and therapy, however, their long-term fate and clearance profiles have yet to be fully characterized in vivo. NP delivery via the airway is particularly challenging, as the clearance may be inefficient and lung immune responses complex. Thus, specific material design is required for cargo delivery and quant., noninvasive methods are needed to characterize NP pharmacokinetics. Here, biocompatible poly(acrylamidoethylamine)-b-poly(DL-lactide) block copolymer-based degradable, cationic, shell-cross-linked knedel-like NPs (Dg-cSCKs) were employed to transfect plasmid DNA. Radioactive and optical beacons were attached to monitor biodistribution and imaging. The preferential release of cargo in acidic conditions provided enhanced transfection efficiency compared to non-degradable counterparts. In vivo gene transfer to the lung was correlated with NP pharmacokinetics by radiolabeling Dg-cSCKs and performing quant. biodistribution with parallel positron emission tomog. and Cerenkov imaging. Quantitation of imaging over 14 days corresponded with the pharmacokinetics of NP movement from the lung to gastrointestinal and renal routes, consistent with predicted degradation and excretion. This ability to noninvasively and accurately track NP fate highlights the advantage of incorporating multifunctionality into particle design.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.O’Brien, Anne Marie; O’Fagain, Ciaran researched the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3 ).Synthetic Route of C18H20N2O12.They published the article 《Dye bleaching and phenol precipitation by phthalic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase》 about this compound( cas:70539-42-3 ) in Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. Keywords: horseradish peroxidase phthalic anhydride modified phenol dye removal wastewater; phenol precipitation wastewater phthalic anhydride modified horseradish peroxidase; dye bleaching wastewater phthalic anhydride modified horseradish peroxidase. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:70539-42-3).

The phenol precipitation and dye bleaching capabilities of phthalic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase C (PA-HRP) were compared with those of native HRP C and ethylene glycol bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester)-modified HRP (EG-HRP) reported previously. The removal efficiency (percentage of phenol removed from solution under exptl. conditions) was determined for native HRP and both modified forms. Removal efficiencies at 37° were very similar, with >95% removal in each case. Removal efficiencies were less at 70° overall (range 25-45%), but PA-and EG-HRP removed up to 50% more phenol than native HRP. The three HRP forms showed similar dye bleaching performance at 37° in the presence of H2O2 and accelerators (up to 86% color removal). PA- and EG-HRP showed slightly greater bleaching abilities at 65° than native HRP for some of the dye/accelerator combinations tested. Modified HRPs performed better in 40% (volume/volume) mixtures of dioxane or DMF.

There is still a lot of research devoted to this compound(SMILES：O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)Synthetic Route of C18H20N2O12, and with the development of science, more effects of this compound(70539-42-3) can be discovered.

Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Formula: C18H20N2O12. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Location of crosslinks in chemically stabilized horseradish peroxidase: implications for design of crosslinks.

The bifunctional compound, ethylene-glycol bis(N-hydroxysuccinimidylsuccinate) (EGNHS), stabilizes horseradish peroxidase C (HRP) by reaction with the enzyme’s lysine residues. In this study we compare native and modified HRP by proteolytic fragmentation, peptide sequencing, and mass spectroscopy, and identify the sites of modification. Most significantly, EGNHS is shown to form a crosslink between Lys232 and Lys241 of HRP and modifies Lys174 without formation of a crosslink. These findings are in agreement with the lysine side-chain reactivities predicted from the surface accessibility of the amino groups, and the maximal span of 16 Å of the EGNHS crosslinker.

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Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Zhang, Juan; Xia, Wen-Le; Ahmad, Fazal published an article about the compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate( cas:70539-42-3,SMILESS:O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O ).Electric Literature of C18H20N2O12. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:70539-42-3) through the article.

When 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiate to adipocytes, the specific activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) increases about 25-fold in parallel with its intracellular protein concentration The increase in PC protein concentration is accompanied by a 9-10-fold increase in the relative abundance of 4.2 kb PC mRNA measured by Northern-blot anal. using a cDNA probe encoding a segment of the PC gene of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of cAMP alone and together with insulin on levels of cellular protein, PC activity, PC protein and on the relative abundance of PC mRNA were examined in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocytes exposed to cAMP for 24 h exhibited a 25% decrease in cellular protein and marked decreases in enzyme activity (88%) and PC mRNA abundance (98%) compared with untreated adipocyte controls. After 48 h of exposure to cAMP, PC activity and PC mRNA diminished to levels approaching their detection limits. When exposed to medium containing cAMP plus insulin, adipocyte enzyme activity and PC mRNA declined more slowly during the first 24 h exposure (about 20% decrease) but after 48 h fell to values comparable with those of adipocytes exposed to cAMP alone. Despite these decreases in enzyme activity, the PC protein content of adipocytes treated with cAMP alone or cAMP plus insulin are nearly identical with that of control adipocytes. The inactivation of PC in cAMP-treated adipocytes does not involve loss of the prosthetic groups from the holoenzyme. Crosslinking experiments suggest that the spatial arrangement of protomers in inactive PC may differ from that in the active tetrameric enzyme. Data presented suggest that, in addition to inducing inactivation, cAMP may also regulate adipocyte PC by decreasing transcription of the PC gene and/or enhancing the rate of degradation of PC mRNA.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), a promising new material for cardiac tissue engineering.HPLC of Formula: 70539-42-3.

Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) is currently a prime focus of research because of an enormous clin. need. In the present work, a novel functional material, poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), P(3HO), a medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), produced using bacterial fermentation, was studied as a new potential material for CTE. Engineered constructs with improved mech. properties, crucial for supporting the organ during new tissue regeneration, and enhanced surface topog., to allow efficient cell adhesion and proliferation, were fabricated. Results showed that the mech. properties of the final patches were close to that of cardiac muscle. Biocompatibility of neat P(3HO) patches, assessed using neonatal ventricular rat myocytes (NVRM), showed that the polymer was as good as collagen in terms of cell viability, proliferation and adhesion. Enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation prop. were observed when porous and fibrous structures were incorporated into the patches. In addition, no deleterious effect was observed on adult cardiomyocyte contraction when cardiomyocytes were seeded on the P(3HO) patches. Hence, P(3HO)-based multifunctional cardiac patches are promising constructs for efficient CTE. This work will have a pos. impact on the development of P(3HO) and other PHAs as a novel new family of biodegradable functional materials with huge potential in a range of different biomedical applications, particularly CTE, leading to further interest and exploitation of these materials.

There is still a lot of research devoted to this compound(SMILES：O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)HPLC of Formula: 70539-42-3, and with the development of science, more effects of this compound(70539-42-3) can be discovered.

Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

SDS of cas: 70539-42-3. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about A high throughput dimer screening assay for monoclonal antibodies using chemical cross-linking and microchip electrophoresis. Author is Chen, Xiaoyu; Flynn, Gregory C..

A high throughput screening assay was developed to determine the total dimer level in antibody samples. This method utilizes high speed microchip electrophoresis separation following chem. crosslinking. Upon reacting with homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide-esters (NHS-esters), covalent linkages can be established between the primary amines of two neighboring antibody mols. The reaction conditions are optimized to achieve quant. crosslinking of only phys. associated monomers within an antibody dimer. The resulting crosslinked dimers, originating from either covalent or non-covalent antibody dimers, can then be separated from monomers by SDS electrophoresis. A com. microchip electrophoresis instrument is used for high speed separation, allowing each sample to be analyzed in about 1 min. This approach was applied to crude mammalian cell culture samples. Using a 96-well gel filtration spin column format, interfering species in the cell culture media were efficiently removed from the samples. This method is well suited to the purpose of high throughput antibody dimer quantitation during cell culture expression, including clone selection and cell culture development. The total dimer content, both covalent and non-covalent, can be determined for hundreds of crude samples in a few hours. The effects of different crosslinking conditions on the determined dimer levels, as well as of different antibody pI values, are discussed.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Covalent labeling of vasopressin receptors from LLC-PK1 cells by the use of a bifunctional reagent, published in 1988-04-30, which mentions a compound: 70539-42-3, mainly applied to ethyleneglycolsuccinimidyl succinate vasopressin receptor complexation, Category: benzofurans.

The possibility of covalently attaching vasopressin to its receptors by the use of a bifunctional reagent was explored. Plasma membranes from the LLC-PK1 pig kidney cell line were purified by Percoll d. gradient centrifugation. These membranes contained a single population of high affinity (dissociation constant = 5.2 nM) and high maximum binding capacity (3.8 pmol/mg protein) [3H]lysine vasopressin ([3H]LVP)-binding sites. [3H]LVP-labeled receptors were solubilized with a high yield (83%) and minimal dissociation (9%) by treatment with the nonionic detergent, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (0.5%) in the presence of glycerol (20%). The solubilized [3H]LVP-labeled receptors were stable upon storage at 4° (5% dissociation after 24 h). They were partially purified to a specific activity of 17 pmol/mg of protein by chromatog. on a Cibacron blue-Sepharose column with a yield of 90%. The [3H]LVP-receptor complexes in both intact membranes and the partially purified preparation were almost completely dissociated by incubation at 30° for 30 min in the presence of 20 mM EDTA. This property was used to test the effect of ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl-succinate) (EGS) as crosslinking reagent for the covalent attachment of [3H]LVP to its receptors. After treatment of [3H]LVP-labeled membranes for 30 min with 1 mM EGS at 4°, about 30% of specifically bound [3H]LVP was resistant to EDTA dissociation The amount of EDTA-resistant binding varied as a linear function of the fractional receptor occupancy and maximal binding capacity of the different batches of membranes used. Similar results were obtained with solubilized and partially purified vasopressin receptors. Upon steric exclusion HPLC, the EDTA-resistant [3H]LVP-labeled material, like the native [3H]LVP-labeled receptor, was eluted as a single and apparently homogeneous peak. The covalent character of the EGS-induced [3H]LVP binding to solubilized or partially purified receptors was assessed by its resistance to SDS-PAGE. The yield of EGS-induced labeling deduced from these experiments (27%) was close to that determined by the EDTA method. SDS-PAGE anal. of the [3H]LVP-labeled cross-linked material revealed the specific labeling of a major 50 kilodalton (kDa) component and a minor component of 30 kDa. The size of these 2 components was not affected by dithiothreitol.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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Category: benzofurans. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Affinity labeling of the Fc receptor on human monocytes using bifunctional cross-linking agents. Author is Kurlander, Roger; Niedel, James.

To affinity label the Fc receptor on human monocytes, Fc fragments of monoclonal human IgG1 radiolabeled with 125I were covalently bound to the surface of intact monocytes using a variety of bifunctional cross-linking agents including ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate), dithio-bis-(succinimidyl proprionate), maleimidobenzoyl N-hydroxysuccinimide, glutaraldehyde, and di-Me suberimidate. After cross-linking, cells were solubilized and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by radioautog. Each of these cross-linkers caused a portion of cell-bound Fc fragments to form a covalent complex with a monocyte membrane component. This complex migrated on electrophoresis with an apparent mol. weight of 120,000. Deducting the mol. weight of Fc fragments alone (53,000) the mol. weight of the second component of the complex therefore was about 67,000. A similar estimate of receptor size also was obtained after reduction with dithiothreitol. Complex formation was potently inhibited by unlabeled Fc fragments, IgG1 or IgG3, all of which would be expected to compete with Fc fragments for IgG Fc receptor on human monocytes; it was not inhibited by Fab fragments, IgG2 or IgG4, which do not bind avidly to this receptor. Complex formation was saturable, and Fc fragments formed complexes with avidity comparable to that with which Fc fragments bound to receptors on intact monocytes. The findings establish the feasibility of using radiolabeled Fc fragments to affinity label the IgG Fc receptors on human leukocytes. Potential advantages of this approach to studying receptor structure are discussed.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate(SMILESS: O=C(ON1C(CCC1=O)=O)CCC(OCCOC(CCC(ON2C(CCC2=O)=O)=O)=O)=O,cas:70539-42-3) is researched.Application of 19777-66-3. The article 《The use of an in vitro sperm activation assay to detect chemically induced damage of human sperm nuclei》 in relation to this compound, is published in Reproductive Toxicology. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:70539-42-3).

We report that human sperm chem. damaged in vitro by treatment with a reversible crosslinker, ethylene glycol bis(sulfosuccinimidylsuccinate; SEGS), display abnormal chromatin decondensation when analyzed in the human sperm activation assay (HSAA). Less than 20% of SEGS-treated sperm fully decondensed, vs. 97% of control sperm. Chem. reversal of the crosslinks by treatment with 5 μM hydroxylamine restored full decondensation in 76% of treated sperm. These results demonstrate that chem. damaged sperm respond abnormally in the HSAA, and that chem. damage to sperm nuclei can be detected using the HSAA. Thus, there is potential for the HSAA to be used to detect chem. alterations of sperm nuclei from men exposed to environmental toxicants.

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Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, is researched, Molecular C18H20N2O12, CAS is 70539-42-3, about Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Penicillium notatum lipase enzyme with improved activity, stability and reusability characteristics, the main research direction is Penicillium lipase immobilization cross linked enzyme aggregate EGNHS; ethylene glycol bissuccinimidoylsuccinate CLEA lipase thermostability activity; Activity recovery; Cross-linked enzyme aggregates; Lipase; Pencillium notatum; Reusability; Thermo-stability.Computed Properties of C18H20N2O12.

Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are considered as an effective tool for the immobilization of enzyme. In this study, Pencillium notatum lipase (PNL) was immobilized as carrier free cross-linked enzyme aggregates using glutaraldehyde (GLA) and Ethylene glycol-bis [succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide] (EG-NHS) as crosslinking agents. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of an efficient lipase CLEAs such as precipitant type, the nature and amount of crosslinking reagent, and crosslinking time were optimized. The recovered activities of CLEAs were considerably dependent on the concentration of GLA; however, the activity recovery was not severely affected by EG-NHS as a mild cross-linker. The EG-NHS aggregates displayed superior hydrolytic (52.08 ± 2.52%) and esterification (64.42%) activities as compared to GLA aggregates which showed 23.8 ± 1.86 and 34.54% of hydrolytic and esterification activity, resp. Morphol. anal. by fluorescence and scanning electron microscope revealed that EG-NHS aggregates were smaller in size with larger surface area compared to GLA aggregates. The pH optima of both types of CLEAs were displaced to slightly alk. region and higher temperature as compared to native enzyme. Highest enzyme activity of CLEAs was achieved at the pH of 9.0 and 42 °C temperature Moreover, a significant improvement in the thermal resistance was also recorded after immobilization. After ten reusability cycles in aqueous medium, GLA and EG-NHS cross-linked lipase CLEAs preserved 63.62% and 70.9% of their original activities, resp. The results suggest that this novel CLEA-lipase is potentially usable in many industrial applications.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
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