Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

Effects of weathering on organic matter was written by Marynowski, Leszek;Szeleg, Eligiusz;Jedrysek, Mariusz O.;Simoneit, Bernd R. T.. And the article was included in Organic Geochemistry in 2011.COA of Formula: C16H10O This article mentions the following:

Bulk geochem., petrog., mineralogical and mol. compositions of unweathered, weathered and transitional zones of a Middle Jurassic fossil wood were analyzed to trace changes caused by oxidative weathering of the immature terrestrial organic matter (OM). The occurrence of such zones was confirmed by the mineral composition, showing replacement of siderite and pyrite by goethite. Vitrinite reflectance anal. of weathered and unweathered fossil wood samples revealed that weathering elevated the vitrinite reflectance values by ca. 0.1%, which should be taken into account during modeling of low maturity terrestrial OM. In the weathered part of the wood, most of the biomarkers and biomols. were totally removed or the concentration decreased significantly. The concentration of most of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decreased by 50-80%, being >90% for the more reactive and less stable benzo[a]pyrene and perylene. On the other hand, several aromatic compounds, like phenanthrene and its Me derivatives, Ph naphthalenes, fluoranthene and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds increased in concentration in the weathered zone. This results from processes such as formation of Ph derivatives of PAHs and their cyclization, as well as aromatization of diterpenoids and incorporation of oxygen into aromatic structures. Weathering should always be considered in studies of fossilized terrestrial OM, especially in the case of thermal maturation modeling, because it significantly decreases the OM content and total sulfur content, changes vitrinite reflectance values and alters the extract composition as a result of organic compound degradation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0COA of Formula: C16H10O).

Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.COA of Formula: C16H10O

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Intravital staining to detect mineralization in Xenopus tropicalis during and after metamorphosis was written by Nakajima, Keisuke;Yabumoto, Souta;Tazawa, Ichiro;Furuno, Nobuaki. And the article was included in Development, Growth & Differentiation in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid This article mentions the following:

Observing mineralization is essential for studying skeletal development, maintenance, and regeneration. Calcein and alizarin red have long been used to visualize mineralization in fixed specimens, but this requires the target animals to be sacrificed. However, several intravital bone-staining methods have been developed to visualize mineralized tissues in living animals. These methods have been applied to study fin rays and transparent fishes. Xenopus tropicalis is an excellent exptl. animal model for studying bone formation and regeneration because skeletal mineralization begins during the free-living tadpole period, and its regenerative ability changes during metamorphosis. However, intravital bone staining of X. tropicalis has only been reported for tadpoles, and no details on its specificity or appropriate exptl. conditions are available. Here, we compared the calcein- and alizarin red S (ARS)-staining methods and optimized these methods for tadpoles and juvenile frogs during and after metamorphosis. Staining with 0.01% ARS yielded acceptable signaling for young tadpoles, whereas calcein either at 0.1 or 0.01% occasionally showed artifactual staining of unmineralized tissues. In addition, 0.1% calcein or 0.1% ARS staining showed a higher signal-to-noise ratio with juvenile frogs compared to staining at 0.01%. We propose the use of 0.01% ARS for tadpoles before stage 61 and 0.1% ARS thereafter for staining mineralized tissues. Using this method, we found that ossification of the neural arches occurred at stage 51 in X. tropicalis. This method enables precise staging and manipulation based on the visualized bone structure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid).

2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Volatile compounds in pyroligneous liquids from Karamatsu and Chishima-sasa was written by Yasuhara, Akio;Sugiura, Ginji. And the article was included in Agricultural and Biological Chemistry in 1987.Related Products of 54120-64-8 This article mentions the following:

Volatile components with deodorizing properties in pyroligneous liquids obtained from Karamatsu (Larix kaempferi) and Chishima-sasa (Sasa kurilensis) were extracted, fractionated into neutral/basic and acidic fractions, and identified by gas chromatog. mass spectrometry. In the neutral/basic fraction, 118 components were identified. Cyclic and acyclic ketones, and pyridine, pyrazine, and furan derivatives were important odorous components. Sixty-nine compounds were identified in the acidic fraction. The main groups were carboxylic acids and phenol compounds The concentration of alkyl phenols were almost the same between Karamatsu and Chishima-sasa, but there were large differences in the contents of 2-methoxyphenol derivatives and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol derivatives between them. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8Related Products of 54120-64-8).

5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Related Products of 54120-64-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Aromatic spirans. XXI. Syntheses of methyl substituted phthalaldehydic acids and their ethyl and methyl esters as synthones for syntheses of methylated 2,2′-spirobiindandiones was written by Neudeck, H. K.. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1996.Synthetic Route of C9H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The preparation of 3-hydroxy(methyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranones I (i.e., phthalaldehydic acids) was described. I are intermediates for methylated 2,2′-spirobiindandiones (no data). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8Synthetic Route of C9H8O2).

5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Synthetic Route of C9H8O2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis was written by Bergknut, Magnus;Kucera, Adam;Frech, Kristina;Andersson, Erika;Engwall, Magnus;Rannug, Ulf;Koci, Vladimir;Andersson, Patrik L.;Haglund, Peter;Tysklind, Mats. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2007.Computed Properties of C16H10O This article mentions the following:

In this study, the authors examined 31 samples of varying chem. composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. The samples were comprehensively chem. characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatog.-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biol. effects were assessed using dehydrogenase activity, root growth (Hordeum vulgare), reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida), algal growth (Desmodesmus subspicatus), germinability (Sinapis alba), Vibrio fischeri, DR-CALUX, and Ames Salmonella assays. The number of compounds detected in the samples ranged from 123 to 527. Using the multivariate regression technique of partial-least-squares projections to latent structures, it was possible to find individual compounds that exhibited strong correlations with the different biol. responses. Some of the results, however, indicate that a broader chem. characterization may be needed to identify all the compounds that may cause the measured biol. responses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0Computed Properties of C16H10O).

Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Computed Properties of C16H10O

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Selective Functionalization of Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products by Reactions with Potassium Organotrifluoroborates under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions was written by Roscales, Silvia;Ortega, Victor;Csaky, Aurelio G.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Name: Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate This article mentions the following:

The repertoire of synthetic transformations of the products of the Achmatowicz rearrangement has been expanded by exploring their reactivity with potassium organotrifluoroborates in the absence of transition metals. Depending on the reaction conditions and the substitution pattern of the starting material, the reaction may lead to the stereoselective synthesis of dihydropyranones (2,6-trans), tetrahydropyranones (2,3-cis-2,6-cis) or functionalized 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds The method has also been adapted for the one-pot synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate (cas: 929626-27-7Name: Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate).

Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate (cas: 929626-27-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Name: Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Jia-Wei-Yu-Ping-Feng-San attenuates group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated airway inflammation in allergic asthma was written by Xue, Lingna;Li, Cui;Ge, Guangbo;Zhang, Shaoyan;Tian, Liming;Wang, Yu;Zhang, Huiyong;Ma, Zifeng;Lu, Zhenhui. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 905954-17-8 This article mentions the following:

The incidence of asthma has increased in recent decades. Although corticosteroids and bronchodilators are used in clin. practice, the control of asthma remains a challenge. Allergic asthma is characterized airway inflammation mediated by type 2 immune response. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important source of type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, which contribute to the progress of asthma. Jia-Wei-Yu-Ping- Feng-San (JWYPFS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat asthma in China. In this study we investigated the mechanisms of JWYPFS in the treatment of asthma, especially the effect on ILC2s important in airway inflammation. Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish a model of allergic asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness was examined by direct airway resistance anal. Inflammatory cell counts were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissue sections was observed by HE and PAS staining, resp. The numbers and proportions of ILC2s as well as the ILC2s-related transcription factors GATA3, IRF4, and type 2 cytokines were measured in lung tissue samples. Addnl., ILC2s were collected from mouse lung; ILC2s-related cytokines and GATA3 and IRF4 were evaluated after IL-33-induced activation of ILC2s in vitro. Elevated inflammatory cells, mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness and type 2 cytokines in the OVA-treated asthma group indicated that an allergic asthma model had been established. JWYPFS treatment attenuated airway resistance and reduced inflammatory cells including eosinophils, and inhibited mucus production and type 2 cytokines in these asthmatic mice. Moreover, JWYPFS treatment dramatically decreased the numbers and proportions of ILC2s and the mRNA levels of GATA3 and IRF4. In an in vitro experiment JWYPFS significantly suppressed GATA3, IRF4 and type 2 cytokine expression, including IL-5 and IL-13 in IL- 33-stimulated ILC2s. JWYPFS alleviates ILC2s-mediated airway inflammation, suggesting that JWYPFS might be an effective agent to treat allergic asthma. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8Recommanded Product: 905954-17-8).

(Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: 905954-17-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Where do we stand was written by Durand, Francois;Roux, Olivier;Weiss, Emmanuel;Francoz, Claire. And the article was included in Liver International in 2021.Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11 This article mentions the following:

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is defined by the rapid development of organ(s) failure(s) associated with high rates of early (28-day) mortality in patients with cirrhosis. ACLF has been categorized into three grades of increasing severity according to the nature and number of organ failures. In patients with grade 3 ACLF, 28-day mortality is >70%. While the definition of ACLF has been endorsed by European scientific societies, North American and Asian Pacific associations have proposed alternative definitions. A prognostic score called the CLIF-C ACLF score provides a more precise assessment of the prognosis of patients with ACLF. Although bacterial infections and variceal bleeding are common precipitating factors, no precipitating factor can be identified in almost 60% of patients with ACLF. There is increasing evidence that cirrhosis is a condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory state and occult infections or translocation of bacteria or bacterial products from the lumen of the GUT to the systemic circulation which could play a role in the development of ACLF. Simple and readily available variables to predict the occurrence of ACLF in patients with cirrhosis have been identified and high-risk patients need careful management. Whether prolonged administration of statins, rifaximin or albumin can prevent ACLF requires further study. Patients with organ(s) failure(s) may needed to be admitted to the ICU and there should be no hesitation in admitting patients with cirrhosis to the ICU. No benefit to survival was observed with albumin dialysis and rescue transplantation is the best option in the most severe patients. One-year post-transplant survival rates exceeding 70%-75% have been reported, including in patients with grade 3 ACLF but these patients were highly selected. Criteria have been proposed to define futile transplantation (too ill to be transplanted), but these criteria need to be refined to include age, comorbidities and frailty in addition to markers of disease severity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Synthetic Route of C43H51N3O11

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Multifunctional Flexible Polyimides for Electroactive Devices with Electrochromic, Electrofluorochromic, and Photodetection Properties was written by Zheng, Rong-rong;Huang, Tao;Niu, Hai-jun;Wang, Cheng;Chang, Hai-yang;Sun, Zhi-yao;Wang, Li-yan;Guo, Li-ying;Zhang, Zhi-peng;Zhang, Shuo. And the article was included in ACS Applied Polymer Materials in 2021.Formula: C20H13NO5 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we report three electroactive carbazolyl polyimides (PIs) containing spiropyran, pyrene, and fluorescein fluorescent groups. The PIs exhibit red, blue, and green fluorescence emissions, resp. The PIs exhibit aggregation-induced emission and electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic properties. Moreover, white light emission can be achieved by adjusting the mixing ratio of the three PIs. The PIs show high photoluminescence intensity in a solution and solid state. Interestingly, as the volume of Et acetate in the PI DMSO solutions increases, the fluorescence intensity increases continuously. This is due to the decrease in solvent polarity and is distorted by the twisted intramol. charge-transfer effect, enhancing the emission intensity. The PI films have excellent electrochem. stability between the neutral and first oxidation states of 2000 cycles, and their elec. activities are maintained at 99% CzpP-SPP, 99% CzpP-PREP, and 99% CzpP-FRNP. Under the action of an external elec. field, the PIs exhibit excellent EC performance, and the highest EC efficiency was 187 cm² C^-1. Furthermore, the fluorescence and color switching between the oxidation state (nonfluorescent state) and reduced state (fluorescent state) of the PI films are reversible. This work provides a simple strategy for the direct functionalization of Cz-based materials and opens the way for exploring more applications of Cz-based materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9Formula: C20H13NO5).

5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Formula: C20H13NO5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Asymmetric dearomatization of 2-nitrobenzofurans by organocatalyzed one-step Michael addition to access 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles was written by Ge, Zhen-Zhen;Yang, Lei;You, Yong;Wang, Zhen-Hua;Xie, Ke-Xin;Zhou, Ming-Qiang;Zhao, Jian-Qiang;Yuan, Wei-Cheng. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran This article mentions the following:

An efficient enantioselective dearomatization of 2-nitrobenzofurans was realized via an organocatalyzed one-step Michael addition process. This method provided a facile strategy to access a range of structurally diverse 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles, which feature an intriguing combination of two privileged motifs including 3-pyrrolyl-substituted-oxindoles and 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans substructures, in excellent results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran).

2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Safety of 2-Nitrobenzofuran

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem