Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

The protein adduction derived from reactive metabolites of multiple furanoids in cortex Dictamni-treated mice was written by Wu, Kaili;Pan, Hong;Li, Yi;Huang, Linyan;Fang, Chao;Shi, Fuguo. And the article was included in Toxicology Letters in 2022.Reference of 28808-62-0 This article mentions the following:

The association of herb medicine Cortex Dictamni (CD) with severe even fatal hepatotoxicity has been widely reported. Recently, we demonstrated that the metabolic activation of at least ten furanoids in CD was responsible for the liver injury caused by the ethanol extract of CD (ECD) in mice. Protein adduction by reactive metabolites is considered to initiate the process of liver injury. Unlike single chems., the mode of and the details of protein modification by multiple components in an herb is unclear. This study aimed to characterize protein adductions derived from the reactive metabolite of furanoids in ECD-treated mice and define the association of protein adduction with liver injury. The hepatic cysteine- and lysine-based protein adducts derived from epoxide or cis-enedione of at least six furanoids were identified in mice. The furanoids with an earlier serum content Tmax were mainly to bind with hepatic glutathione and no protein adducts were formed except for dictamnine. The hepatic proteins were modified by the later absorbed furanoids. The levels of hepatic protein adduct were correlated with the degree of liver injury. In addition, the reactive metabolites of different furanoids can simultaneously bind to the model peptide by the identical reactive moiety, indicating the additive effects of the individual furanoids in the modification of hepatic proteins. In conclusion, hepatic protein adduction by multiple furanoids may play a role in ECD-induced liver injury. The earlier absorbed furanoids were mainly to bind with glutathione whereas the hepatic proteins were modified by the later furanoids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0Reference of 28808-62-0).

(3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Reference of 28808-62-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The risk of antibiotics and enterocolitis for the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a Japanese administrative database analysis was written by Shimodaira, Yosuke;Watanabe, Kenta;Iijima, Katsunori. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Previous studies have shown that antibiotic use and enterocolitis increase the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in western countries. However, these risk factors have not yet been identified in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the risk of IBD development associated with antibiotic use and enterocolitis in Japan. A Japanese health insurance claims database was used to identify patients recently diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) along with five matched participants without IBD. Episodes of antibiotic use and enterocolitis for 1 and 2 years before the date of diagnosis were analyzed using a conditional regression test. A total of 371 patients with CD and 2420 with UC were included. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) increased in association with antibiotic use to 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.05) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.09-1.31) and enterocolitis to 3.40 (95% CI 2.60-4.44) and 2.14 (95% CI 1.88-2.43) in 1 yr in CD and UC, resp. The risk associated with antibiotics was independent of the number or type of antibiotics, and the risk associated with enterocolitis did not differ with the pathogen that caused the disease. However, prior exposure to antibiotic use and enterocolitis was associated with an increased risk of developing IBD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Organic air pollutants in an aluminum reduction plant was written by Thrane, K. E.;Stray, H.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 1986.Product Details of 205-39-0 This article mentions the following:

The content of organic pollutants, other than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was determined in air samples collected in the pot room of the Soederberg Al reduction plant. The neutral and the basic fractions of the sample extract were analyzed, and azaarenes, carbazoles, 1-nitropyrene  [5522-43-0], and quinones as well as aromatic aldehydes and ketones were identified by gas chromatog. and mass spectrometry. Selected compounds were quantified, and the results indicate that the concentrations in the pot room air are high. Some of the identified compounds are known to have adverse health effects and should therefore be included whenever air quality studies are carried out inside or near Al plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0Product Details of 205-39-0).

Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Product Details of 205-39-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Study on chemical constituents of the root of Dictamnus dasycarpus was written by Li, Xiang;Tang, Huazhao;Gou, Xiaojun;Tu, Jie. And the article was included in Zhongyaocai in 2008.Computed Properties of C14H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The chem. constituents of Dictamnus dasyarpus were studied. The root of Dictamnus dasycarpus was extracted by 95% ethanol. Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from its stems. Fifteen compounds were dictamnol (1), fraxinellone (2), β-sitosterol (3), preskimminanine (4), dictamine (5), skimmianine (6), pregnendone (7), γ-fagarine (8), 11,12,13-trinorguai-6-ene-4β,10β-diol (9), obacunone (10), limonin diosphend (11), rutaevin (12), limonin (13), daucosterol (14) and KihadaninB (15). Among them, Corapounds 9, 11 and 15 are found from Dictamnus dasycarpus for the first time, and KihadaninBA and KihadaninBB are a pair of new enantiomorph. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0Computed Properties of C14H16O3).

(3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Computed Properties of C14H16O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Spectral characterization of the bioactive principles and antibacterial properties of cold methanolic extract of Olea europaea from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia was written by Syed, Rahamat Unissa;Moni, Sivakumar S.;Alfaisal, Raghad Huraid;Alrashidi, Rawan Hamdan;Alrashidi, Nouf Fahad;Wadeed, Khadijah Mansour;Alshammary, Fayha Nafea;Habib, Alshammari Majd;Alharbi, Fai Mutaz;ur Rehman, Zia;Shamsher Alam, Md;Basode, Vinod Kumar;Abdulhaq, Ahmed A.. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 496-16-2 This article mentions the following:

This work aimed to identify the bioactive constituents and antibacterial activity of a cold methanolic extract of Olea europaea leaves. GC-MS anal. of the cold methanolic extract of the leaves of O. europaea L. revealed several unique bioactive compounds, including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, squalene, 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, Benzoic acid, 4-formyl-, Me ester, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Vitamin E etc. The FT-IR spectrum revealed distinct fingerprint regions at 3313, 2943, 2831, 1662, 1590, 1449, 1300, 1111, and 1020 cm-1. The fingerprinting region is associated with the presence of several bioactive chems. as determined by GC-MS analyses. The methanolic extract of O. europaea leaves revealed a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity. On the other hand, the spectrum of activity was substantially narrower than that of standard ciprofloxacin disks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2HPLC of Formula: 496-16-2).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.HPLC of Formula: 496-16-2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Bioassay-based identification and removal of target and suspect toxicants in municipal wastewater: Impacts of chemical properties and transformation was written by Liu, Yuan;Li, Faxu;Li, Huizhen;Tong, Yujun;Li, Weizong;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Reference of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

Municipal wastewater contains numerous chems. and transformation products with highly diverse physiochem. properties and intrinsic toxicity; thus, it is imperative but challenging to identify major toxicants. Herein, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to identify major toxicants in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Impacts of chem. properties on the removal of contaminants and toxicity at individual treatment stages were also examined The WWTP influent caused 100% death of Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos, and toxicity characterization suggested that organics, metals, and volatiles all contributed to the toxicity. Toxicity identification based on 189 target and approx. one-thousand suspect chems. showed that toxicity contributions of organic contaminants, metals, and ammonia to D. magna were 77%, 4%, and 19%, resp. Galaxolide, pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, octinoxate, silver, and ammonia were identified as potential toxicants. Comparatively, the detected transformation products elicited lower toxicity than their resp. parent contaminants. In contrast, the analyzed contaminants showed negligible contributions to the toxicity of zebrafish embryos. Removal efficiencies of these toxicants in WWTP were highly related to their hydrophobicity. Diverse transformation and removal efficiencies of contaminants in WWTPs may influence the chem. compositions in effluent and ultimately the risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving waterways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Reference of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Reference of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Adherence to medication by adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus was written by Semo-Oz, Rotem;Wagner-Weiner, Linda;Edens, Cuoghi;Zic, Carolyn;One, Karen;Saad, Nadine;Tesher, Melissa. And the article was included in Lupus in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid This article mentions the following:

Approx. 20% of all cases systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) are juvenile onset. Children and adolescents with SLE usually present with more severe illness and have a higher mortality rate compared to adults with SLE. Adherence to medications in children and adolescents has a major impact on disease control as well as short- and long-term outcomes. Improved understanding of adherence rates, risk factors for non-adherence, and barriers to adherence are essential in order to increase patient adherence with medication regimens. The aim of our study was to evaluate adherence to medications among children and young adults with pediatric-onset SLE and identify barriers for non-adherence by utilizing several adherence evaluation methods. Adherence to medications of patients aged 12-25, with childhood-onset SLE was assessed as follows: (1) The brief medication questionnaire (BMQ): self-report tool for screening adherence and barriers to adherence. (2) Mycophenolic acid (MPA) serum level. (3) Medication possession ratio (MPR): data assessing 90-day refills and dispense prior to patient′s enrollment was collected. Of the 38 patients who were enrolled in the study, 65% were found to be non-adherent according to at least 1 measurement method. Forty-four percent of patients were found to be non-adherent based on the self-reported questionnaire (BMQ). Of those taking MMF, 33% had an MPA level <1 mcg/mL and were defined as non-adherent. Seventeen percent of patients were found to be non-adherent according to pharmacy refills rate. Forty-six percent of patients stated that their medications caused side effects, 33% of patients indicated difficulty remembering to take the medications, and 25% reported difficulty paying for medications. The disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of the ′adherent group′ at diagnosis was significantly lower compared to the ′non-adherent′′ group. Patients with private insurance had more access barriers to obtaining medications compared to patients with public insurance. Non-adherence to medications is highly prevalent among cSLE patients. Higher SLEDAI score is a risk factor for non-adherence. Adherence to medications should be routinely evaluated among adolescence and young adults with cSLE and barriers to adherence need to be addressed to decrease morbidity and improve patient outcomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1Quality Control of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid).

(E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Quality Control of (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis was written by Danger, Gregoire;Ross, David. And the article was included in Electrophoresis in 2008.Application of 92557-80-7 This article mentions the following:

Scanning temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently described technique for the simultaneous concentration and separation of charged analytes. It allows for high analyte peak capacities and low LODs in microcolumn electrophoretic separations In this paper, the authors present the application of scanning TGF for chiral separations of amino acids. Using a mixture of seven carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeled amino acids (including five chiral amino acids) which constitute the Mars7 standard, the authors show that scanning TGF is a very simple and efficient method for chiral separations The modulation of TGF separation parameters (temperature window, pressure scan rate, temperature range, and chiral selector concentration) allows optimization of peak efficiencies and analyte resolutions The use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin at low concentration (1-5 mmol/L) as a chiral selector, with an appropriate pressure scan rate (-0.25 Pa/s) and with a low temperature range (3-25° over 1 cm) provided high resolution between enantiomers (R_s >1.5 for each pair of enantiomers) using a short, 4 cm long capillary. With these new results, the scanning TGF method appears to be a viable method for in situ trace biomarker anal. for future missions to Mars or other solar system bodies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3′,6′-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-5-carboxylate (cas: 92557-80-7Application of 92557-80-7).

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3′,6′-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-5-carboxylate (cas: 92557-80-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Application of 92557-80-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Genotoxicity testings: phage T7 inactivation test of various furan and arenofuran derivatives was written by Ronto, G.;Fekete, A.;Grof, P.;Bilger, C.;Buisson, J. P.;Tromelin, A.;Demerseman, P.. And the article was included in Mutagenesis in 1989.Formula: C8H5NO3 This article mentions the following:

The genotoxic activities of 28 furan and arenofuran derivatives were tested by the phage T7-inactivation test. The genotoxic activity of the compounds was characterized quant. All the compounds studied have pronounced genotoxic activities in the system. Empirical rules relating structure to genotoxic activity were found. Data obtained with the system were compared with the results of other biol. systems (Salmonella assay, SOS Chromotest, CHO/HGPRT, gene amplification) in the case of some compounds included as references In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5Formula: C8H5NO3).

2-Nitrobenzofuran (cas: 33094-66-5) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Formula: C8H5NO3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Trifolirhizin phospholipid complex self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and its transmembrane transport was written by Yang, Zhi-xin;Zhang, Wen-jun;Liu, Ming-yu;Zhang, Feng-jiao;Song, Chun-xiao;Deng, Wei-zhe. And the article was included in Zhongcaoyao in 2016.COA of Formula: C22H22O10 This article mentions the following:

Objective To improve the absorption of trifolirhizin (Tri) isolated from Sophora flavescens through preparing it to be phospholipid complex self-microemulsion. Methods In this study, we used the silica gel column chromatog. and recrystallization technol. to sep. and prepare trifolirhizin; And we used phys. and chem. properties and spectral data to identificate the structure. We used the orthogonal experiment and the central composite design response surface method (CCD-RSM) to optimize the Tri phospholipid complex (TPC), Tri phospholipid composite material self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (TPCSMEDDS), and used the Caco-2 model to investigate the transmembrane transport of Tri, TPC, and TPC-SMEDDS, resp. Results The concentration of the phospholipid complex was 4 mg/mL, the ratio of drug to lecithin was 1:1.5, the reaction time was 3 h, the composite rate was (93.20±2.01)%. The emulsifier was polyoxyethylene castor oil (Cremphor EL40), the auxiliary emulsifier was diethylene glycol Et ether (Transcutol HP), and the weight ratio (K_m) of phospholipid complex was 7.58. The experiments of Caco-2 cell showed that the P_app of Tri was 2.45 × 10^-7 cm/s; The P_app values of TPC and TPC-SMEDDS were 5.13 × 10^-6 and 1.847 × 10^-5 cm/s, resp. Conclusion The permeability coefficient of Tri can be obviously improved by using phospholipid complex and self-microemulsion technique, which also can improve the efficiency of drug delivery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6COA of Formula: C22H22O10).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.COA of Formula: C22H22O10

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem