Tag: 400-500

Differential in vitro interactions of the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib with human SLC drug transporters was written by Bruyere, Arnaud;Le Vee, Marc;Jouan, Elodie;Molez, Stephanie;Nies, Anne T.;Fardel, Olivier. And the article was included in Xenobiotica in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

The present study was therefore designed to investigate this issue. The interactions of ruxolitinib with SLCs were analyzed using transporter-overexpressing human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Substrate accumulation was detected by spectrofluorimetry, liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry or scintillation counting. Ruxolitinib was found to potently inhibit the activities of organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) and MATE2-K (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 10μM). It blocked OAT1, OAT4, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1 and OCT3, but in a weaker manner (IC50 > 10μM), whereas OCT1 was not impacted. No time-dependent inhibition was highlighted. When applying the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for transporters-related drug-drug interaction risk, OCT2 and MATE2-K, unlike MATE1 and OAT3, were predicted to be in vivo inhibited by ruxolitinib. Cellular uptake studies addnl. indicated that ruxolitinib is a substrate for MATE1 and MATE2-K, but not for OAT3 and OCT2. Ruxolitinib in vitro blocked activities of most of SLC transporters. Only OCT2 and MATE-2K may be however clin. inhibited by the JAK inhibitor, with the caution for OCT2 that in vitro inhibition data were generated with an FDA-non recommended fluorescent substrate. Ruxolitinib MATEs-mediated transport may addnl. deserve attention for its possible pharmacol. consequences in MATE-pos. cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Effects of phonophoresis with diclofenac linked gold nanoparticles in model of traumatic muscle injury was written by Haupenthal, Daniela Pacheco dos Santos;Zortea, Diogo;Zaccaron, Rubya Pereira;Silveira, Gustavo de Bem;Correa, Maria Eduarda Anastacio Borges;Mendes, Carolini;Casagrande, Laura de Roch;Duarte, Mariane Bernardo;Pinho, Ricardo Aurino;Feuser, Paulo Emilio;Machado-de-Avila, Ricardo Andrez;Silveira, Paulo Cesar Lock. And the article was included in Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications in 2020.Application of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of phonophoresis using diclofenac (DC) linked to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the skeletal muscle of rats used as a model of traumatic muscular injury. Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: Sham, Muscle injury (MI), MI + TPU, MI + DC, MI + GNPs, MI + TPU + DC, MI + TPU + GNPs, and MI + TPU + DC-GNPs. The traumatic injury was performed in the gastrocnemius with a single direct traumatic impact via an injuring press. The animals received daily treatment for 5 consecutive days with TPU and gel with DC and/or GNPs. Two hours after the last treatment session, animals were euthanized and the gastrocnemius muscle surgically removed for histol. and biochem. anal. Reactive species production and protein damage resulting from oxidative damage was lower for the group exposed to all tested therapies had lower production Lower protein damage was also observed in the TPU + GNPs group. The group that underwent all tested therapies combined showed a significant increase in antioxidants compared to the MI group. During histol. anal., the MI group showed large amounts of cell infiltration and centralized nuclei, whereas the MI + TPU + DC-GNPs group showed structural improvements. Pain levels in the MI + TPU + DC-GNPs group were lower than those of the MI group. We believe that the association of TPU with DC linked to GNPs decreases the inflammation caused by traumatic muscle injury and accelerates tissue repair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Dual-mode chemosensor for the fluorescence detection of zinc and hypochlorite on a fluorescein backbone and its cell-imaging applications was written by Maity, Sibaprasad;Maity, Annada C.;Das, Avijit kumar;Bhattacharyya, Nandan. And the article was included in Analytical Methods in 2022.Product Details of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Fluorescein coupled with 3-(aminomethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (FAD) was synthesized for the selective recognition of Zn²⁺ over other interfering metal ions in acetonitrile/aqueous buffer (1 : 1). Interestingly, there was a significant fluorescence enhancement of FAD in association with Zn²⁺ at 426 nm by strong chelation-induced fluorescence enhancement (CHEF) without interrupting the cyclic spirolactam ring. A binding stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 2 for the ligand FAD with metal Zn²⁺ was proven by a Jobs plot. However, the cyclic spirolactam ring was opened by hypochlorite (OCl-) as well as oxidative cleavage of the imine bond, which resulted in the emission enhancement of the wavelength at 520 nm. The binding constant and detection limit of FAD towards Zn²⁺ were determined to be 1 x 104 M^-1 and 1.79 μM, resp., and the detection limit for OCl^– was determined as 2.24 μM. We introduced here a dual-mode chemosensor FAD having both the reactive functionalities for the simultaneous detection of Zn²⁺ and OCl^– by employing a metal coordination (Zn²⁺) and analytes (OCl^–) induced chemodosimetric approach, resp. Furthermore, for the practical application, we studied the fluorescence imaging inside HeLa cells by using FAD, which demonstrated it can be very useful as a selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for zinc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Product Details of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Product Details of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

miR-381-3p inhibits high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by targeting HMGB1 was written by Zhu, Xiao-Shan;Zhou, Han-Yun;Yang, Feng;Zhang, Hong-Shen;Ma, Ke-Zhong. And the article was included in Journal of Gene Medicine in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Hyperglycemia increases the risk of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the dysregulation of proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) also participates in the pathogenesis of CVD. miR-381-3p is known to suppress the proliferation and migration of multiple human cell types. Nevertheless, the function of miR-381-3p in VSMCs remains largely indistinct. A quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to investigate miR-381-3p expression in high-glucose-induced VSMCs. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, as well as oxidative stress markers SOD and MDA, were determined by an ELISA. Reactive oxygen species generation was examined using a 2,7′-dichlorofluorescein kit. The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs were monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazl2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetazolium bromide (MTT), transwell and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. The TargetScan database (http://www.targetscan. org) was employed to seek the potential target gene of miR-381-3p. Interaction between miR-381-3p and HMGB1 was determined by a qRT-PCR, western blotting and a luciferase reporter assay. MiR-381-3p expression was significantly reduced in a VSMCs dysfunction model induced by high-glucose in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transfection of miR-381-3p mimics suppressed the inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and migration of VSMCs, whereas apoptosis of VSMCs was promoted, and the transfection of miR-381-3p inhibitors had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, HMGB1, an important factor in inflammation response, was confirmed as a target gene of miR-381-3p. MiR-381-3p targets HMGB1 to suppress the inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and migration of high-glucose-induced VSMCs by targeting HMGB1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Structure, antioxidant property and protection on PC12 of a polysaccharide isolated and screened from Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench (okra) was written by Pan, Li-Chao;Sun, Yang-Yang;Zhang, Xiao-Ling;Zhu, Zhen-Yuan;Liu, Chun-Yu;Sun, Hui-Qing;Geng, Xue-Qing;Jiang, Wei;Wang, Jia-He. And the article was included in Natural Product Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

AeP-P-2, a pectic polysaccharide, was extracted from the fruit pod of okra. It composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (GalA) with the ratio of 4.75:2.01:1.00:4.91:7.24. The main structural feature of AeP-P-2 are 1,4-linked galacturonan units (homogalacturonan backbone) and (1 → 2) and (1 → 2,4) linked Rha (rhamnogalacturonan I region). And the other side chains contained →1-linked Ara, (1 → 5)-linked Ara, (1 → 4)-linked Glc, (1 → 6)-linked Gal, (1 → 4)-linked Rha, (1 → 2,4)-linked Rha, →1-linked Ara and →1-linked Gal. When the concentration of AeP-P-2 was 3.2 mg/mL, the scavenging rates on DPPH·, ABTS, O2-· and ·OH reached to 61.88%, 87.10%, 52.17% and 60.32%, resp. AeP-P-2 also could protect PC12 cells from the damage of H2O2 and reduce apoptosis caused by oxidative damage by decreasing the level of ROS. The findings indicated that okra was a functional vegetable and AeP-P-2 was worth studying and developing into antioxidant component. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.HPLC of Formula: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Dietary supplementation with curcumin-loaded nanocapsules in lambs: Nanotechnology as a new tool for nutrition was written by Marcon, Hiam;Griss, Luiz G.;Molosse, Vitor L.;Cecere, Bruno G. O.;Alba, Davi F.;Leal, Karoline W.;Galli, Gabriela M.;Souza, Carine F.;Baldissera, Matheus D.;Gundel, Samanta;de A. Bassotto, Vitoria;Ourique, Aline F.;Vedovatto, Marcelo;Da Silva, Aleksandro S.. And the article was included in Animal Nutrition in 2021.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Curcumin-containing nanocapsule powder formulations have not been used in ruminant feed to date, despite the fact that curcumin is known to be a functional food additive. The objective of this study was to determine whether Et polymethacrylate (Eudragit L-100) nanocapsules loaded with curcumin (N-CU) would improve health and growth of lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (body weight [BW] = 16 ± 0.99 kg; 45 d of age) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: T0, T1, T2 and T4, representing supplementation of curcumin at 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg concentrate, resp. The animals in each treatment were allocated in 4 pens of 2 lambs each (8 lambs per treatment). The experiment lasted 17 d, with samples and measurements collected on d 0, 7, 12, and 17. The T2 lambs had greater average daily gain than T0 lambs. Regression anal. showed that the ideal dose of N-CU to enhance weight gain was 1.89 mg/kg concentrate There were significant interactions (P < 0.05) between treatments x time for hematol. variables, particularly for increases in erythrocytes (T2) and reductions in counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in T1 and T2. There were significant interactions between treatment x time for total protein, globulin, urea, and triglyceride levels. Stimulation of the antioxidant system was also observed There were increased levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH), as well as increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the supplemented animals. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were lower in the serum of supplemented lambs. In general, the 4 mg/kg dose had no pos. effects on growth or health. This was an unexpected result, given the known properties of curcumin. Taken together, these findings suggest that addition of low concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin (T1 and T2) in lamb feed improves health, minimizing oxidative stress and generates anti-inflammatory effects that may have contributed indirectly to greater weight gain. Nanocapsules potentiate the effects of curcumin and may emerge as a new tool in animal nutrition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Category: benzofurans).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Dual-Channel Theranostic System for Quantitative Self-Indication and Low-Temperature Synergistic Therapy of Cancer was written by Wang, Cheng;Chen, Shaoqing;Yu, Fangying;Lv, Jianghong;Zhao, Rui;Hu, Fuqiang;Yuan, Hong. And the article was included in Small in 2021.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

A conventional theranostic system usually employs a single fluorescence channel to show the pharmacokinetic events, which usually fails to quant. reveal the true cumulative drug release and with low accuracy. Herein, indocyanine green (ICG) and chlorins e6 (Ce6) are selected not only as conventional photothermal/photodynamic agents, but also to offer two independent fluorescence channels to cross validate the authenticity of pharmacokinetic events and to quant. reveal cumulative drug release in tumor tissues in a “turn on” manner. Employing the Ca2+ of amorphous calcium carbonate as a reversible linker, the photosensitivity and fluorescence of Ce6 are phys. quenched by ICG during circulation to reduce the side effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) while being readily restored in tumor tissue to reveal the quant. drug release. Most importantly, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and PDT allows low-temperature synergistic therapy of cancer through the controlled expression of heat shock protein in cells and mild hyperthermia enhanced reactive oxygen species diffusion/penetration among cells. This work not only develops a facile approach to fabricate a dual-channel theranostic system to precisely indicate the accumulation and quant. drug release in tumor tissue, but also presents a unique low-temperature synergistic strategy to destroy tumor in an effective and minimally invasive manner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Investigation of the interactions between flavonoids and human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 using fluorescent substrate and 3D-QSAR analysis was written by Xiang, Yiqun;Liu, Shuai;Yang, Jingjie;Wang, Zhongmin;Zhang, Hongjian;Gui, Chunshan. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes in 2020.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is a key hepatic uptake transporter whose inhibition could lead to adverse drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Flavonoids are widely distributed in food and beverages and thus our bodies are frequently exposed to them. Therefore, investigation of the interactions between OATP1B1 and flavonoids could be of great significance. In the present study, 25 common flavonoids were investigated for their interactions with OATP1B1 using the fluorescent substrate 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and three-dimensional quant. structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) anal. Kinetic study showed that OATP1B1-mediated DCF uptake exhibited a monophasic saturation kinetics with a K_m value of 9.7 ± 2.4 μM. Inhibition assay for flavonoids on OATP1B1-mediated DCF uptake was performed and their IC₅₀ values were determined upon which reliable and predictive CoMFA (q² = 0.604, r² = 0.841) and CoMSIA (q² = 0.534, r² = 0.807) models were developed. Our exptl. and computational results showed that flavonoid aglycons interacted with OATP1B1 much stronger than their glycosides such as 3-O- and 7-O-glycosides as bulky hydrophilic and hydrogen-bond forming substituents at C-3 and C-7 positions on rings A and C were unfavorable for their binding. On the other hand, the presence of hydrogen-bond forming groups on ring B was beneficial as long as the number of hydroxyl groups was not >2. Our results also indicated that flavones usually interacted with OATP1B1 much stronger than their 3-hydroxyflavone counterparts (flavonols). The obtained information and 3D-QSAR models could be useful for elucidating and predicting the interactions between flavonoids and human OATP1B1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Fluorescence lifetime predicts performance of voltage sensitive fluorophores in cardiomyocytes and neurons was written by Boggess, Steven C.;Lazzari-Dean, Julia R.;Raliski, Benjamin K.;Mun, Dong Min;Li, Amy Y.;Turnbull, Joshua L.;Miller, Evan W.. And the article was included in RSC Chemical Biology in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5 This article mentions the following:

Voltage imaging with fluorescent indicators offers a powerful complement to traditional electrode or Ca²⁺-imaging approaches for monitoring elec. activity. Small mol. fluorescent indicators present the unique opportunity for exquisite control over mol. structure, enabling detailed investigations of structure/function relationships. In this paper, we tune the conjugation between aniline donors and aromatic π systems within the context of photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based voltage indicators. We describe the design and synthesis of four new voltage-sensitive fluorophores (VoltageFluors, or VFs). Three of these dyes have higher relative voltage sensitivities (ΔF/F) than the previously-reported indicator, VF2.1.Cl. We pair these new indicators with existing VFs to construct a library of voltage indicators with varying degrees of conjugation between the aniline nitrogen lone pair and the aromatic π system. Using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, cellular electrophysiol., fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and functional imaging in mammalian neurons and human cardiomyocytes, we establish a detailed link between the photophys. properties of VF dyes and their ability to report on membrane potential dynamics with high signal-to-noise. Anilines with intermediate degrees of conjugation to the aromaticπ system experience intermediate rates of PeT and possess the highest absolute voltage sensitivities. Measured using FLIM in patch-clamped HEK cells, we find that the absolute voltage sensitivity of fluorescence lifetime (Δτ_fl per mV), coupled with traditional fluorescence intensity-based metrics like ΔF/F and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), provides a powerful method to both predict and understand indicator performance in cellular systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Computed Properties of C20H10Cl2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM_2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China was written by Campbell, Steven J.;Wolfer, Kate;Utinger, Battist;Westwood, Joe;Zhang, Zhi-Hui;Bukowiecki, Nicolas;Steimer, Sarah S.;Vu, Tuan V.;Xu, Jingsha;Straw, Nicholas;Thomson, Steven;Elzein, Atallah;Sun, Yele;Liu, Di;Li, Linjie;Fu, Pingqing;Lewis, Alastair C.;Harrison, Roy M.;Bloss, William J.;Loh, Miranda;Miller, Mark R.;Shi, Zongbo;Kalberer, Markus. And the article was included in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in 2021.Related Products of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Epidemiol. studies have consistently linked exposure to PM_2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chem. assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atm. conditions and specific chem. components of PM_2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilized multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM_2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atm. pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHHBeijing), and PM_2.5 OP was analyzed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7- dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and ESR spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM_2.5, including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chem. (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM_2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Pos. correlations of OP (normalized per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM_2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalized for particle mass, days with higher PM_2.5 mass concentrations (μgm-3) were found to have lower mass-normalized OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM_2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate anal. of OP values and an extensive range of addnl. measurements, 107 in total, including PM_2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorol. data, provided detailed insight into the chem. components and atm. processes that determine PM_2.5 OP variability. Multivariate statistical analyses highlighted associations of OP assay responses with varying chem. components in PM_2.5 for both mass- and volume-normalized data. AA and DTT assays were well predicted by a small set of measurements in multiple linear regression (MLR) models and indicated fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as influential particle sources in the assay response. Mass MLR models of OP associated with compositional source profiles predicted OP almost as well as volume MLR models, illustrating the influence of mass composition on both particle-level OP and total volume OP. Univariate and multivariate anal. showed that different assays cover different chem. spaces, and through comparison of mass- and volume-normalized data we demonstrate that mass-normalized OP provides a more nuanced picture of compositional drivers and sources of OP compared to volume-normalized anal. This study constitutes one of the most extensive and comprehensive composition datasets currently available and provides a unique opportunity to explore chem. variations in PM_2.5 and how they affect both PM_2.5 OP and the concentrations of particlebound reactive oxygen species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Related Products of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Related Products of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem