Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China was written by Campbell, Steven J.;Wolfer, Kate;Utinger, Battist;Westwood, Joe;Zhang, Zhi-Hui;Bukowiecki, Nicolas;Steimer, Sarah S.;Vu, Tuan V.;Xu, Jingsha;Straw, Nicholas;Thomson, Steven;Elzein, Atallah;Sun, Yele;Liu, Di;Li, Linjie;Fu, Pingqing;Lewis, Alastair C.;Harrison, Roy M.;Bloss, William J.;Loh, Miranda;Miller, Mark R.;Shi, Zongbo;Kalberer, Markus. And the article was included in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in 2021.Related Products of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:
Epidemiol. studies have consistently linked exposure to PM2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chem. assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atm. conditions and specific chem. components of PM2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilized multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atm. pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHHBeijing), and PM2.5 OP was analyzed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7- dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and ESR spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM2.5, including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chem. (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Pos. correlations of OP (normalized per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalized for particle mass, days with higher PM2.5 mass concentrations (μgm-3) were found to have lower mass-normalized OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate anal. of OP values and an extensive range of addnl. measurements, 107 in total, including PM2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorol. data, provided detailed insight into the chem. components and atm. processes that determine PM2.5 OP variability. Multivariate statistical analyses highlighted associations of OP assay responses with varying chem. components in PM2.5 for both mass- and volume-normalized data. AA and DTT assays were well predicted by a small set of measurements in multiple linear regression (MLR) models and indicated fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as influential particle sources in the assay response. Mass MLR models of OP associated with compositional source profiles predicted OP almost as well as volume MLR models, illustrating the influence of mass composition on both particle-level OP and total volume OP. Univariate and multivariate anal. showed that different assays cover different chem. spaces, and through comparison of mass- and volume-normalized data we demonstrate that mass-normalized OP provides a more nuanced picture of compositional drivers and sources of OP compared to volume-normalized anal. This study constitutes one of the most extensive and comprehensive composition datasets currently available and provides a unique opportunity to explore chem. variations in PM2.5 and how they affect both PM2.5 OP and the concentrations of particlebound reactive oxygen species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Related Products of 76-54-0).
2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Related Products of 76-54-0
Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem