In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Degradable Cationic Shell Cross-Linked Knedel-like Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Degradation, Nucleic Acid Binding, and in Vitro Evaluation, published in 2013-04-08, which mentions a compound: 70539-42-3, mainly applied to biodegradable cationic shell crosslinking knedel nanoparticle nucleic acid, Application In Synthesis of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.
In this work, degradable cationic shell crosslinked knedel-like (deg-cSCK) nanoparticles were developed as an alternative platform to replace similar nondegradable cSCK nanoparticles that have been utilized for nucleic acids delivery. An amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(acrylamidoethylamine)90-block-poly(DL-lactide)40 (PAEA90-b-PDLLA40) was synthesized, self-assembled in aqueous solution, and shell crosslinked using a hydrolyzable crosslinker to afford deg-cSCKs with an average core diameter of 45 ± 7 nm. These nanoparticles were fluorescently labeled for in vitro tracking. The enzymic- and hydrolytic-degradability, siRNA binding affinity, cell uptake and cytotoxicity of the deg-cSCKs were evaluated. Esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the nanoparticles resulted in the degradation of ca. 24% of the PDLLA core into lactic acid within 5 d, as opposed to only ca. 9% degradation from aqueous solutions of the deg-cSCK nanoparticles in the absence of enzyme. Cellular uptake of deg-cSCKs was efficient, while exhibiting low cytotoxicity with LD50 values of ca. 90 and 30 μg/mL in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and MLE 12 cell lines, resp., ca. 5- to 6-fold lower than the cytotoxicity observed for nondegradable cSCK analogs. Addnl., deg-cSCKs were able to complex siRNA at an N/P ratio as low as 2, and were efficiently able to facilitate cellular uptake of the complexed nucleic acids.
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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem