Biogenic silver nanoparticles reduce Toxoplasma gondii infection and proliferation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production in the cells was written by Arruda da Silva Sanfelice, Raquel;Silva, Taylon Felipe;Tomiotto-Pellissier, Fernanda;Bortoleti, Bruna Taciane da Silva;Lazarin-Bidoia, Danielle;Scandorieiro, Sara;Nakazato, Gerson;de Barros, Luiz Daniel;Garcia, Joao Luis;Verri, Waldiceu Aparecido;Conchon-Costa, Ivete;Pavanelli, Wander Rogerio;Costa, Idessania Nazareth. And the article was included in Microbes and Infection in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:
Owing to the serious adverse effects caused by pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the drugs commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis, there is a need for treatment alternatives for this disease. Nanotechnol. has enabled significant advances toward this goal. This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages infected with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The macrophages were infected with T. gondii tachyzoites and then treated with various concentrations of AgNp-Bio. The cells were evaluated by microscopy, and culture supernatants were collected for ELISA determination of their cytokine concentration Treatment with 6μM AgNp-Bio reduced the infection and parasite load in infected RAW 264.7 macrophages without being toxic to the cells. The treatment also induced the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (both pro-inflammatory mediators), which resulted in ultrastructural changes in the tachyzoites and their intramacrophagic destruction. Our findings suggest that AgNp-Bio affect T. gondii tachyzoites by activating microbicidal and pro-inflammatory mechanisms and may be a potential alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).
2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one
Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem