Month: February 2023

Interplay of Fusion, Leakage, and Electrostatic Lipid Clustering: Membrane Perturbations by a Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Polycation was written by Shi, Shuai;Markl, Anja Madleine;Lu, Ziyi;Liu, Runhui;Hoernke, Maria. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid This article mentions the following:

Membrane active compounds are able to induce various types of membrane perturbations. Natural or biomimetic candidates for antimicrobial treatment or drug delivery scenarios are mostly designed and tested for their ability to induce membrane permeabilization, also termed leakage. Furthermore, the interaction of these usually cationic amphiphiles with neg. charged vesicles often causes colloidal instability leading to vesicle aggregation or/and vesicle fusion. We show the interplay of these modes of membrane perturbation in mixed phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) by the statistical copolymer MM:CO comprising, both, charged and hydrophobic subunits. MM:CO is a representative of partially hydrophobic, highly active, but less selective antimicrobial polycations. Cryo-electron microscopy indicates vesicle fusion rather than vesicle aggregation upon the addition of MM:CO to neg. charged PG/PE (1:1) vesicles. In a combination of fluorescence-based leakage and fusion assays, there is support for membrane permeabilization and pronounced vesicle fusion activity as distinct effects. To this end, membrane fusion and aggregation were prevented by including lipids with polyethylene glycol attached to their head groups (PEG-lipids). The leakage activity of MM:CO is very similar in the absence and presence of PEG-lipids. Vesicle aggregation and fusion however are largely suppressed. This strongly suggests that MM:CO induces leakage by asym. packing stress because of hydrophobically driven interactions which could lead to leakage. As a further membrane perturbation effect, MM:CO causes lipid clustering in model vesicles. We address potential artifacts and misinterpretations of experiments characterizing leakage and fusion. Addnl. to the leakage activity, the pronounced fusogenic activity of the polymer and potentially of many other similar compounds likely has implications for antimicrobial activity and beyond. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0Application In Synthesis of 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid).

2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Predictor-Response Analysis of Fiber Optic Enzymatic Biosensors Constructed with Nonmodified E. coli BL21 (DE3) pGELAF+ Sensing 1,2-Dichloroethane was written by Jensen, Cory D.;Mueller, Cord. And the article was included in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology in 2015.Formula: C20H13NO5 This article mentions the following:

Biosensor technol. can lack methods to iteratively validate system outputs (i.e., signals) concomitantly with the development of math. models. We evaluated a nonmodified fiber optic enzymic biosensor (FOEB-Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pGELAF+) sensing dichloroethane with a predictor-response statistical form. The linear regression technique applied with MATLAB functions correlated FOEB parameters to sensing responses that could be used to identify system characteristics and interactions. A FOEB specific metric (i.e. normalized sensitivity) is shown to be significant as a mixed sensing correlation metric suggesting that similar development parameters could be related to engineering design paradigms for biosensor (or whole cell biosensor) systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9Formula: C20H13NO5).

5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Formula: C20H13NO5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Astrernestin, a novel aurone-phenylpropanoid adduct from the roots of Astragalus ernestii was written by Li, Jin-Qiang;Xiao, Chao-Jiang;Li, Ye-Meng;Tian, Xin-Yan;Dong, Xiang;Jiang, Bei. And the article was included in Natural Product Research in 2020.Electric Literature of C22H22O10 This article mentions the following:

Astragalus ernestii has been used as a substitute for Radix Astragali (Huang-Qi) in southwest China. To better understand the chem. rationale for the medicinal usage, the phytochem. of A. ernestii was recently studied. As a result, a novel aurone-phenylpropanoid adduct astrernestin (1), together with five known phenoloids calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4,4′-dimethoxy-3′-hydroxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxylignan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-monoglucoside (4), hedyotol D 4”-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and trifolirhizin (6), were isolated from the roots of A. ernestii. The structure of compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic anal. and optical rotation calculation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6Electric Literature of C22H22O10).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Electric Literature of C22H22O10

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Bioactivity inspired C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids for overcoming multidrug-resistant cancer was written by Wada, Koji;Goto, Masuo;Ohkoshi, Emika;Lee, Kuo-Hsiung;Yamashita, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Medicines in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid This article mentions the following:

The pharmacol. activities of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids are related to their basic skeletons (e.g., aconitine-type or lycoctonine-type). Also, few studies have been reported on the chemosensitizing effects of diterpenoid alkaloids. Consequently, this study was aimed at determining the chemosensitizing effects of synthetic derivatives of lycoctonine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids on a P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell line KB-VIN. The acyl-derivatives of delpheline and delcosine showed moderate cytotoxicity against chemosensitive cancer cell lines. Among non-cytotoxic synthetic analogs (1-14), several derivatives effectively and significantly sensitized MDR cells by interfering with the drug transport function of P-gp to three anticancer drugs, vincristine, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin. The chemosensitizing effect of derivatives 2, 4, and 6 on KB-VIN cells against vincristine were more potent than 5 μM verapamil, and derivatives 4 and 13 were more effective than 5 μM verapamil for paclitaxel. Among them, 2 in particular increased the sensitivity of KB-VIN cells to vincristine by 253-fold. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid).

2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Development and characterization of regenerable chitosan-coated nickel selenide nano-photocatalytic system for decontamination of toxic azo dyes was written by Khan, Menhad;Khan, Adnan;Khan, Hammad;Ali, Nisar;Sartaj, Seema;Malik, Sumeet;Ali, Nauman;Khan, Hamayun;Shah, Sumaira;Bilal, Muhammad. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2021.COA of Formula: C20H6I4Na2O5 This article mentions the following:

In this investigation, chitosan-coated nickel selenide nano-photocatalyst (CS-NiSe) was successfully prepared through the chem. reduction method. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of CS-NiSe nano-photocatalyst. Further, XRD anal. exhibited a monoclinic crystalline phase of photocatalyst with a crystallite size of 32 nm based on Scherer’s equation. The SEM micrographs showed that the photocatalyst has an average particle size of 60 nm. The bandgap of CS-NiSe was (2.85 eV) in the visible region of the spectrum. Due to this reason, the CS-NiSe was applied under solar light illumination for the photocatalytic activity of Erythrosine and Allura red dyes. The CS-NiSe presented the highest degradation efficiency of 99.53% for Erythrosine dye in optimized exptl. conditions of 100 min at 30°C, 30 ppm concentration, pH 5.0, and 0.14 g catalyst dose. For Allura red dye, a high degradation of 96.12% was attained in 120 min at pH 4.0, 100 ppm initial dye concentration, 35°C temperature, and 0.1 g catalyst dose. The CS-NiSe showed excellent degradation efficiency and reduced to (95% for Erythrosine and 91% for Allura red dye) after five consecutive batches. Moreover, the statistical and neural network modeling anal. showed the significant influence of all studied variables on dyes degradation performance. The results demonstrated that CS-NiSe exhibited excellent photocatalytic performances for Erythrosine and Allura red dyes and could be a better photocatalyst for removing these dyes from industrial effluents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0COA of Formula: C20H6I4Na2O5).

Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.COA of Formula: C20H6I4Na2O5

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yloxy)acetic acid monohydrate was written by Yang, Lin-Tao;Ye, Jiao;Luo, Xian-Fu;Hu, Ai-Xi. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2010.Computed Properties of C10H12O2 This article mentions the following:

In the title compound, C₁₂H₁₄O₄·H₂O, the dihydrobenzofuran ring adopts an envelope conformation with the substituted C atom 0.142 (1) Å out of the least-squares plane. In the crystal, the components are linked via intermol. O_water-H…O and O-H…O_water hydrogen-bonding interactions, forming a three-dimensional network. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Computed Properties of C10H12O2).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Computed Properties of C10H12O2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Classification and rising medication therapy in stiff skin syndrome: A case report and literature review was written by Lin, Zhilang;Pei, Yuxin;Tang, Xuhua;Rong, Liping;Chen, Lizhi;Jiang, Xiaoyun. And the article was included in Dermatologic Therapy in 2022.COA of Formula: C17H20O6 This article mentions the following:

Stiff skin syndrome (SSS) is a rare disorder characterized by skin induration and limited joint mobility in the absence of visceral, musculoskeletal, vascular, or immunol. abnormalities. Distinctive subsets of SSS could be distinguished by various manifestation and mechanism, which accounts for the high heterogeneity in SSS cases. Although rehabilitation training remains the mainstay of management, rising medications has drawn awareness in recent years, owing to the potential efficacy. Nevertheless, experience was limited, especially in widespread SSS. We report on a 5-yr-old girl with widespread SSS, whose lesion stopped progressing after combination therapy by mycophenolic acid (MPA) and losartan (LST) in addition to rehabilitation exercise. Despite limited experience, a combined therapy of MPA and LST seems to be effective in retarding progression of widespread SSS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1COA of Formula: C17H20O6).

(E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.COA of Formula: C17H20O6

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Specific Electrostatic Molecular Recognition in Water was written by Li, Ming;Hoeck, Casper;Schoffelen, Sanne;Gotfredsen, Charlotte H.;Meldal, Morten. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Product Details of 3326-34-9 This article mentions the following:

The identification of pairs of small peptides that recognize each other in water exclusively through electrostatic interactions is reported. The target peptide and a structure-biased combinatorial ligand library consisting of ≈78 125 compounds were synthesized on different sized beads. Peptide-peptide interactions could conveniently be observed by clustering of the small, fluorescently labeled target beads on the surface of larger ligand-containing beads. Sequences of isolated hits were determined by MS/MS. The interactions of the complex showing the highest affinity were investigated by a novel single-bead binding assay and by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Mol. dynamics (MD) studies revealed a putative mode of interaction for this unusual electrostatic binding event. High binding specificity occurred through a combination of topol. matching and electrostatic and hydrogen-bond complementarities. From MD simulations binding also seemed to involve three tightly bound water mols. in the interface between the binding partners. Binding constants in the submicromolar range, useful for biomol. adhesion and in nanostructure design, were measured. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9Product Details of 3326-34-9).

5-Amino-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 3326-34-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Product Details of 3326-34-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Micro-hydrogel injectables that deliver effective CAR-T immunotherapy against 3D solid tumor spheroids was written by Suraiya, Anisha B.;Evtimov, Vera J.;Truong, Vinh X.;Boyd, Richard L.;Forsythe, John S.;Boyd, Nicholas R.. And the article was included in Translational Oncology in 2022.Product Details of 1461-15-0 This article mentions the following:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-) T cells are revolutionizing cancer treatment, as a direct result of their clin. impact on the treatment of hematol. malignancies. However for solid tumors, CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy remains limited, primarily due to the complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inefficient access to tumor cells and poor persistence of the killer cells. In this in vitro study, an injectable, gelatin-based micro-hydrogel system that can encapsulate and deliver effective CAR-T therapy is investigated. CAR-T cells targeting TAG-72, encapsulated in these microgels possessed high viability (> 87%) after 7 days, equivalent to those grown under normal expansion conditions, with retention of the T cell phenotype and functionality. Microgel recovered CAR-T cells demonstrated potent on-target cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer in vitro and on three-dimensional tumor spheroids, by completely eliminating tumor cells. The gelatin-based micro-hydrogels have the potential to serve as carrier systems to augment CAR-T immunotherapeutic treatment of solid tumors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0Product Details of 1461-15-0).

2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Product Details of 1461-15-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Practical aspects in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues in exotic fruits was written by Espana Amortegui, Julio Cesar;Guerrero Dallos, Jairo Arturo. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2015.Synthetic Route of C10H12O2 This article mentions the following:

The most relevant parameters of a multimode inlet were optimized to increase the injection volume up to 25 μL using solvent vent mode in order to improve the sensitivity of the gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry system. Consequently, the implementation of a concurrent backflushing was necessary to largely prevent the expected loss of performance derived from such matrix load out of a general-purpose extraction (EN-15622-QuEChERS). Addnl., four mixtures of compounds used as analyte protectants were tested using spiked physalis to enhance the quality of signals. The chosen mixture remarkably improved sensitivity and yield better peak shapes, significantly more than others also tested. The anal. of pesticide residues in exotic fruits using instruments of limited selectivity is challenging since these complex matrixes usually give notably dirty extracts This scheme included an instrumental optimization and the addition of selected compounds that enabled to selectively reach limits of quantitation of 0.01 mg kg^-1 for most analytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Synthetic Route of C10H12O2).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C10H12O2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem