Day: February 23, 2023

Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Heteroaryl and Aryl Trifluoroborates: a Synthetic Strategy for Discoipyrrole D was written by Shih, Jiun-Le;Nguyen, Thien S.;May, Jeremy A.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2015.Product Details of 929626-27-7 This article mentions the following:

Bis-heteroaryl or bis-aryl stereocenters were formed by an organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition using the resp. trifluoroborate salts as nucleophiles. Control studies suggested that fluoride dissociation was necessary in the anhydrous conditions. This strategy was applied to the synthesis of a protected form of discoipyrrole D, an inhibitor of BR5 fibroblast migration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate (cas: 929626-27-7Product Details of 929626-27-7).

Potassium benzofuran-2-yltrifluoroborate (cas: 929626-27-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Product Details of 929626-27-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Low-Dose Rifabutin Increases Cytotoxicity in Antimitotic-Drug-Treated Resistant Cancer Cells by Exhibiting Strong P-gp-Inhibitory Activity was written by Lee, Ji Sun;Oh, Yunmoon;Kim, Hyung Sik;Yoon, Sungpil. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Reference of 80621-81-4 This article mentions the following:

The cytotoxicity of various antibiotics at low doses in drug-resistant cancer cells was evaluated. Low doses of rifabutin were found to markedly increase the cytotoxicity of various antimitotic drugs, such as vincristine (VIC), to P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing antimitotic-drug-resistant KBV20C cells. Rifabutin was also found to exert high levels of P-gp-inhibitory activity at 4 and 24 h posttreatment, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of VIC + rifabutin was mainly due to the direct binding of rifabutin to P-gp and the reduction of VIC efflux by P-gp. The combination of VIC + rifabutin also increased early apoptosis, G2 arrest, and the DNA damaging marker, pH2AX protein. Interestingly, only the combination of VIC + rifabutin induced remarkable levels of cytotoxicity in resistant KBV20C cells, whereas other combinations (VIC + rifampin, VIC + rifapentine, and VIC + rifaximin) induced less cytotoxicity. Such finding suggests that rifabutin specifically increases the cytotoxicity of VIC in KBV20C cells, independent of the toxic effect of the ansamycin antibiotic. Only rifabutin had high P-gp-inhibitory activity, which suggests that its high P-gp-inhibitory activity led to the increased cytotoxicity of VIC + rifabutin. As rifabutin has long been used in the clinic, repositioning this drug for P-gp-overexpressing resistant cancer could increase the availability of treatments for patients with drug-resistant cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Reference of 80621-81-4).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Reference of 80621-81-4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Molecular Characterization of, and Antimicrobial Resistance in, Clostridioides difficile from Thailand, 2017-2018 was written by Imwattana, Korakrit;Putsathit, Papanin;Knight, Daniel R.;Kiratisin, Pattarachai;Riley, Thomas V.. And the article was included in Microbial Drug Resistance (New Rochelle, NY, United States) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and spread of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Many antimicrobials, such as fluoroquinolones, have been associated with outbreaks of CDI globally. This study characterized AMR among clin. C. difficile strains in Thailand, where antimicrobial use remains inadequately regulated. Stool samples were screened for tcdB and positives were cultured. C. difficile isolates were characterized by toxin profiling and PCR ribotyping. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by agar incorporation, and whole-genome sequencing and AMR genotyping were performed on a subset of strains. There were 321 C. difficile strains isolated from 326 stool samples. The most common toxigenic ribotype (RT) was RT 017 (18), followed by RTs 014 (12) and 020 (7). Resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin, and rifaximin was common, especially among RT 017 strains. AMR genotyping revealed a strong correlation between resistance genotype and phenotype for moxifloxacin and rifaximin. The presence of erm-class genes was associated with high-level clindamycin and erythromycin resistance. Point substitutions in the penicillin-binding proteins were not sufficient to confer meropenem resistance, but a Y721S substitution in PBP3 was associated with a 4.37-fold increase in meropenem minimal inhibitory concentration No resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin was observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4).

(2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26R,27S,28E)-25-(Acetyloxy)-5,6,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-1,15(2H)-dione (cas: 80621-81-4) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Recommanded Product: 80621-81-4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Screening Bioactives Reveals Nanchangmycin as a Broad Spectrum Antiviral Active against Zika Virus was written by Rausch, Keiko;Hackett, Brent A.;Weinbren, Nathan L.;Reeder, Sophia M.;Sadovsky, Yoel;Hunter, Christopher A.;Schultz, David C.;Coyne, Carolyn B.;Cherry, Sara. And the article was included in Cell Reports in 2017.Safety of N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide This article mentions the following:

Zika virus is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus for which there are no vaccines or specific therapeutics. We screened a library of 2,000 bioactive compounds for their ability to block Zika virus infection in three distinct cell types with two different strains of Zika virus. Using a microscopy-based assay, we validated 38 drugs that inhibited Zika virus infection, including FDA-approved nucleoside analogs. Cells expressing high levels of the attachment factor AXL can be protected from infection with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while placental-derived cells that lack AXL expression are insensitive to this inhibition. Importantly, we identified nanchangmycin as a potent inhibitor of Zika virus entry across all cell types tested, including physiol. relevant primary cells. Nanchangmycin also was active against other medically relevant viruses, including West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses that use a similar route of entry. This study provides a resource of small mols. to study Zika virus pathogenesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3Safety of N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide).

N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (cas: 850879-09-3) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Safety of N-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Efficacy of Prucalopride for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: An Analysis of Participants With Moderate to Very Severe Abdominal Bloating. was written by Staller, Kyle;Hinson, Jimmy;Kerstens, René;Spalding, William;Lembo, Anthony. And the article was included in The American journal of gastroenterology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

INTRODUCTION: This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of prucalopride on abdominal bloating in participants with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) who had moderate to very severe bloating at baseline. METHODS: Data from 6 phase 3/4 studies of prucalopride in participants with CIC were pooled. Abdominal bloating was assessed weekly using a 5-point scale (0-4). RESULTS: The proportion of bloating responders (≥1-point improvement in abdominal bloating score at week 12) was higher in participants treated with prucalopride (62.1%) vs placebo (49.6%). DISCUSSION: The prucalopride arm had a higher proportion of bloating responders vs placebo in this study population. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (cas: 179474-81-8Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide).

4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (cas: 179474-81-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A new approach for the preparation of durable and reversible color changing polyester fabrics using thermochromic leuco dye-loaded silica nanocapsules was written by Zhang, Wan;Ji, Xiaoqian;Zeng, Chanjuan;Chen, Kunlin;Yin, Yunjie;Wang, Chaoxia. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices in 2017.Recommanded Product: Crystal violet lactone This article mentions the following:

Durable, reversible color changing polyester fabrics were successfully fabricated via a new approach of dyeing with thermochromic leuco dye-loaded silica nanocapsules (TLD@SiO₂). TLD@SiO₂ was prepared via tetra-Et orthosilicate hydrolyzation and condensation on the surfaces of emulsified thermochromic leuco dye (TLD) nano-droplets by a sol-gel method. The TLD@SiO₂ was about 20 nm in size, and its shell could provide protection for TLD. The color of TLD@SiO₂ changed from dark blue (25 °C) to light blue (45 °C) and white (80 °C), reversibly. The thermochromic mechanism originated from the conjugation structure conversion of the crystal violet lactone which was confirmed by d. functional theory calculations The shell materials (Si-O-Si) of TLD@SiO₂ could be hydrated in water with temperature increase and produced hydrophilic hydroxyl groups for further treating polyester fabrics. These resulting polyester fabrics exhibited excellent thermochromic performance with a color transition temperature of 45 °C. Their color reversibly changed from dark blue (K/S = 12) to light blue (K/S = 2) at 610 nm for more than 50 times. Meanwhile, thermochromic polyester fabrics dyed at 130 °C displayed good color fastness. The washing, dry rubbing and wet rubbing fastness of the thermochromic polyester fabrics all reached above 4 grades, and the thermochromic polyester fabrics showed good solvent resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Recommanded Product: Crystal violet lactone).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Recommanded Product: Crystal violet lactone

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Intramolecular Charge Transfer with Crystal Violet Lactone in Acetonitrile As a Function of Temperature: Reaction Is Not Solvent-Controlled was written by Druzhinin, Sergey I.;Demeter, Attila;Zachariasse, Klaas A.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry A in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 1552-42-7 This article mentions the following:

Intramol. charge transfer (ICT) with crystal violet lactone (CVL) in the excited singlet state takes place in solvents more polar than n-hexane, such as Et acetate, THF, and acetonitrile (MeCN). In these solvents, the fluorescence spectrum of CVL consists of two emission bands, from a locally excited (LE) and an ICT state. The dominant deactivation channel of the lowest excited singlet state is internal conversion, as the quantum yields of fluorescence (0.007) and intersystem crossing (0.015) in MeCN at 25 °C are very small. CVL is a weakly coupled electron donor/acceptor (D/A) mol., similar to an exciplex ¹(A^–D⁺). A solvatochromic treatment of the LE and ICT emission maxima results in the dipole moments μ_e(LE) = 17 D and μ_e(ICT) = 33 D, much larger than those previously reported. This discrepancy is attributed to different Onsager radii and spectral fluorometer calibration. The LE and ICT fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN are double exponential. As determined by global anal., the LE and ICT decays at 25 °C have the times τ₂ = 9.2 ps and τ₁ = 1180 ps, with an amplitude ratio of 35.3 for LE. From these parameters, the rate constants k_a = 106 × 10⁹ s^-1 and k_d = 3.0 × 10⁹ s^-1 of the forward and backward reaction in the LE ⇄ ICT equilibrium are calculated, resulting in a free enthalpy difference ΔG of -8.9 kJ/mol. The amplitude ratio of the ICT fluorescence decay is -1.0, which signifies that the ICT state is not prepared by light absorption in the S₀ ground state, but originates exclusively from the directly excited LE precursor. From the temperature dependence of the fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN (-45 to 75 °C), activation energies E_a = 3.9 kJ/mol (LE → ICT) and E_d = 23.6 kJ/mol (ICT → LE) are obtained, giving an enthalpy difference ΔH (= E_a – E_d) of -19.7 kJ/mol, and an entropy difference ΔS = -35.5 J mol^-1 K^-1. The ICT reaction of CVL in MeCN is not barrierless. The ICT reaction time of 9.2 ps is much longer than the mean solvent relaxation time of MeCN (0.26 ps), indicating, in contrast with earlier reports in the literature, that the reaction is not solvent controlled. This conclusion is supported by the observation of double exponential LE and ICT fluorescence with the same decay times. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7HPLC of Formula: 1552-42-7).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.HPLC of Formula: 1552-42-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Management of Hepatic Sarcoidosis. was written by Sollors, Janina;Schlevogt, Bernhard;Schmidt, Hartmut J;Woerns, Marcus Alexander;Galle, Peter R;Qian, Yuquan;Antoni, Christoph;Weis, Cleo-Aron;Hetjens, Svetlana;Bergner, Raoul;Ebert, Matthias P;Teufel, Andreas. And the article was included in Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD in 2022.Recommanded Product: (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver involvement in sarcoidosis may occur in up to 60% of all patients. As many patients experience only minor symptoms, a high number of undiagnosed cases must be assumed. In order to successfully identify patients with hepatic sarcoidosis, a throughout characterization of these patients and their course of disease is necessary. METHODS: We collected 40 patients from four German centers to evaluate current treatment standards and course of disease. All of our patients underwent liver biopsy with histologically proven granulomatous hepatitis. RESULTS: Detailed characterization of our patients showed an overall benign course of disease. Treatment was very diverse with glucocorticoids for 1 year in 55% (22/40), 5-10 years in 18% (7/40), and permanently in 18% (7/40). Other treatments included disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the conventional non-biological type in 53% of all patients (of these 81% received azathioprine, 46% metotrexate, 10% hydroxychloroquine, 10% mycophenolate mofetil and 10% cyclophosphamide and biologicals in 8%. Despite these very diverse treatments, patients generally showed slow progression of the disease. Two patients died. None of our patients received a liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients received diverse treatments and generally showed slow progression of the disease. Based on our experience, we proposed a diagnostic work up and surveillance strategy as a basis for future, prospective register studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1Recommanded Product: (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid).

(E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Recommanded Product: (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Tumor-specific and photothermal-augmented chemodynamic therapy by ferrocene-carbon dot-crosslinked nanoparticles was written by Sun, Shan;Chen, Qiao;Li, Yike;Yu, Yao;Li, Zhongjun;Lin, Hengwei. And the article was included in SmartMat in 2022.SDS of cas: 1461-15-0 This article mentions the following:

Extensive research have been devoted to the exploration of multifunctional theranostic agents for cancer, but the poor tumor specificity and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy are some of the critical obstacles for their clin. translations. Herein, ferrocene-carbon dot-crosslinked nanoparticles (Fc-CD NPs) were designed and fabricated for achieving highly specific and photothermal-augmented chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The Fc-CD NPs were found not only to inherit the immanent fluorescence, photoacoustic, and photothermal properties of carbon dots (CDs), but also be endowed with CDT that could occur selectively in tumor microenvironment (TME) due to the presence of Fc for triggering Fenton reaction. Moreover, the enlarged particle size of Fc-CD NPs facilitated their effective accumulation at tumor sites, thus realizing great improvement for antitumor treatment outcomes. Once docking at tumor and being exposed to 660 nm laser irradiation, significantly amplified CDT effect of Fc-CD NPs was observed due to heat-accelerating generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). More interestingly, since the produced ROS could in turn alleviate the thermal-resistance of photothermal therapy (PTT), the therapeutic efficiency of integrated PTT and CDT was synergized to the maximum extent. This study on the one hand provides a facile approach to fabricate CDs-based multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform with enhanced tumor accumulation and specificity, on the other hand emphasizes the merits of synergizing mutually beneficial therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0SDS of cas: 1461-15-0).

2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.SDS of cas: 1461-15-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Sophora flavescens Aiton on diabetic retinopathy based on untargeted retinal metabolomics was written by Luo, Yun;Zhao, Kairui;Li, Zhaocheng;Gao, Yanping;Lin, Minling;Li, Yadi;Wang, Shumei;Liu, Yi;Chen, Lei. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences in 2022.Reference of 6807-83-6 This article mentions the following:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness, which lacks effective diagnostic measures and therapeutic options. Sophora flavescens Aiton or “Kushen” is a traditional Chinese medicine used since ancient times, either alone or in combination, to clear heat, dampness, and tearing, and to treat ocular diseases and improve eyesight. Addnl., the flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Aiton extracted using Et acetate (EtOAc) (SFE) is effective in managing diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. In this study, we explored the pharmacodynamic effects and material basis of action of SFE on DR for the first time and elucidated the mechanism based on untargeted retinal metabolomics. Results from the pharmacodynamic studies showed that SFE could reduce blood glucose levels in rats, regulate serum lipopolysaccharide, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and trimethylamine oxide levels, and significantly improve the structure of retina in rats with DR. Moreover, SFE could protect the blood-retinal barrier, reduce angiogenesis and capillary formation, and inhibit retinal nerve cell apoptosis. A total of 13 compounds were identified in the aqueous humor and retina, which were dihydroflavonoid, isoflavonoid, pterostane flavonoid, chalcone, and dihydroflavonol derivatives In addition, 39 differential metabolites were screened based on retinal metabolomics data and 23 were found to be affected by SFE, indicating its anti-DR effect by regulating the synthetic metabolic pathways, including lactose, bile acid, glycerophospholipid, arginine, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. Collectively, our findings elucidated the effects, material basis, and treatment mechanism of SFE on DR systematically and could lay the foundation for promoting the clin. application of Sophora flavescens Aiton. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6Reference of 6807-83-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((6aR,12aR)-6a,12a-Dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:5,6]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 6807-83-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Reference of 6807-83-6

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem