Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

Fraxinellone alleviates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting CUG-binding protein 1-mediated fibroblast activation was written by Zheng, Bingfeng;Yuan, Manman;Wang, Shenglan;Tan, Yang;Xu, Yizhu;Ye, Jing;Gao, Yanjie;Sun, Xueqing;Wang, Tianyi;Kong, Lingdong;Wu, Xingxin;Xu, Qiang. And the article was included in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 2021.Formula: C14H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious threat to human health. In addition, kidney fibrosis is a key pathogenic intermediate for the progression of CDK. Moreover, excessive activation of fibroblasts is key to the development of kidney fibrosis and this process is difficult to control. Notably, fraxinellone is a natural compound isolated from Dictamnus dasycarpus and has a variety of pharmacol. activities, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of fraxinellone on kidney fibrosis is largely unknown. The present study showed that fraxinellone could alleviate folic acid-induced kidney fibrosis in mice in a dose dependent manner. Addnl., the results revealed that fraxinellone could effectively down-regulate the expression of CUGBP1, which was highly up-regulated in human and murine fibrotic renal tissues. Furthermore, expression of CUGBP1 was selectively induced by the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) through p38 and JNK signaling in kidney fibroblasts. On the other hand, downregulating the expression of CUGBP1 significantly inhibited the activation of kidney fibroblasts. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that fraxinellone might be a new drug candidate and CUGBP1 could be a promising target for the treatment of kidney fibrosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0Formula: C14H16O3).

(3R,3aR)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 28808-62-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Formula: C14H16O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of crystal violet lactone with urea technology was written by Tan, Tao;Bao, Chuanping;Ding, Yigang;Ding, Xiaojuan;Hu, Xiong. And the article was included in Yingyong Huagong in 2007.Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7 This article mentions the following:

LCVL was prepared by heating a certain ratio of urea, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and N,N-dimethylaniline mixed and refluxed in the hydrochloric acid and under the protection of nitrogen at about 80° for 0.5 h, then reacted 5.5 h in the presence of m-dimethylaminobenzoic acid at about 93°C with 65% yield of LCVL. With potassium ferricyanide used as catalyst, LCVL dissolved in sodium hydroxide was oxidized to CVL by inpouring the air for 18 h. The yield of CVL was 90.50%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7).

Crystal violet lactone (cas: 1552-42-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Recommanded Product: 1552-42-7

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Distribution of coal and coal combustion related organic pollutants in the environment of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region was written by Nadudvari, Adam;Fabianska, Monika J.;Marynowski, Leszek;Kozielska, Barbara;Konieczynski, Jan;Smolka-Danielowska, Danuta;Cmiel, Stanislaw. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2018.Name: Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran This article mentions the following:

In this study, a large sample set (276) was separated into up to 15 groups, including coal, fly ash, total particulate matter, coal wastes, river sediments, and different water types. Grouping the sample set into these categories helped to identify the typical features of combustion or water-washing and compare them using newly developed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios. A wide range of organic pollutants were identified in samples, including aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-heterocycles, sulfur-heterocycles + trithiolane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons substituted with oxygen functional groups. The distribution of compounds was significantly influenced by water washing or combustion. During the self-heating of coal wastes, secondary compounds such as chlorinated aromatics (chlorobenzene, chloroanthracene, etc.) or light sulfur compounds (e.g. benzenethiol and benzo[b]thiophene) were formed (synthesized). Since these compounds are generally absent in sedimentary organic matter, their origin may be connected with high-temperature formation in burning coal dumps. These compounds should be identified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The newly defined diagnostic ratios have worked well in separating samples (petrogenic and pyrogenic) and have pointed out the effect of incomplete combustion on self-heated coal waste, ash from domestic furnaces, or water washing and biodegradation of the studied compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0Name: Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran).

Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Name: Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The electrolysis of 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and its sodium salt in methyl alcohol was written by Fichter, Fr.;Stenzl, Hans;Beglinger, Erwin. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1938.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

An equimol. mixture of 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid (I) and its Na salt in absolute MeOH was electrolyzed at 35-40° with a Pt anode and a Cu wire cathode. The products of electrolysis were 5-methylphthalide (Beilstein IV, 17, 310), 3,3′-dimethyl-6,6′-dicarboxybibenzyl, m-xylene and 2,4-dimethylphenol. The first two were also obtained by the oxidation of I with K₂S₂O₈. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8Category: benzofurans).

5-Methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (cas: 54120-64-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Iron salt catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: Influence of iron salt type was written by Xia, Sunwen;Yang, Haiping;Lei, shuaishuai;Lu, Wang;Cai, Ning;Xiao, Haoyu;Chen, Yingquan;Chen, Hanping. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2023.Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan This article mentions the following:

To improve on existing pyrolytic products and understand the role played by the anion during catalytic pyrolysis with iron salts, different iron salt types were studied for biomass pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that iron salts promoted the cracking of biomass, decreased the precipitation temperature of the volatiles, and increased the production of char and hydrogen. Specifically, the addition of Fe(NO₃)₃ increased the gas yield and promoted the degree of graphitization and meso-porosity of biochar. The use of FeCl₂ and FeCl₃ led to a high selectivity (85.74%) for the production of ketone-rich oil, a highly developed micropore-dominated biochar with a surface area of 505 m²/g, and a hydrogen-rich gas (33.68 vol %). When Fe₂(SO₄)₃ was used, acid-dominated oil with 73.85% selectivity was obtained. The pyrolysis behavior and properties of the product depended on the degree of hydrolysis during impregnation and the in-situ-produced iron microcrystalline structure (nitride, oxide, or carbide). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan).

2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan (cas: 496-16-2) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furan

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Psoralea corylifolia by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E combined with UNIFI informatics platform was written by Ding, Yu-ting;Zheng, Zhu-hong;Zhao, Ren-yun;Zhang, Na;Sun, Yu-jie;Li, Jian-hao;Wang, Jing-hong;Luo, Jie;Jia, Shan-shan;Sun, Yi-kun. And the article was included in Zhipu Xuebao in 2018.SDS of cas: 905954-17-8 This article mentions the following:

Psoralea corylifolia is the dry mature fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L.. Oral administration of P. corylifolia can treat a disease called shenxu, which means deficiency of the kidney, while external application of P. corylifolia can cure vitiligo and alopecia areata. There are many compounds in P. corylifolia, including coumarins, flavonoids, indophenols and other chem. components. The active ingredients in P. corylifolia include psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralidin, bavachinin, isobavachalcone, neobavaisoflavone, bakuchiol and 3-hydroxybakuchiol. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatog. coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E) was widely used for separation and identification of chem. components from traditional Chinese medicine. It has high sensitivity, high resolution and strong characterization ability. The data collected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E technol. include low-energy channels and high-energy channel fragmentation information, which can be used for characterization of compounds rapidly. The traditional method for identifying compounds is to manually extract the chromatog. peaks and combine the fragment ions, retention time and other information to analyze the mass spectrometry data of the compounds The UNIFI screening platform can help researchers to identify compounds faster. It can automatically match the theor. fragment and mass fragment information of the compound in the database, and obtain the identification results. In the experiment, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E technol. combined with UNIFI screening platform was used to analyze and identify the chem. components of P. corylifolia. The chem. composition of P. corylifolia was ultrasonically extracted by a 70% methanol solution An Acquity BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm×1.7μm) was used for the chromatog. separation Gradient elution was carried out with 0.1% formic acid water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The column temperature was 35°C, the sample chamber temperature was 4°C, the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, and the injection volume was 2μL. In addition, neobavaisoflavone, psoralen, isopsoralen and psoralidin were analyzed by mass spectrometry for verification of compound identification results. Moreover, UNIFI screening platform combined with literature data and standard product information were used to identify compounds A total of 44 compounds, including 28 flavonoids, 10 coumarins, 2 monoterpenoids, and 4 other components were identified in P. corylifolia, and 12 of which were found for the first time. This method can help to further explore the quality control, medicinal ingredients and pharmacol. effects of P. corylifolia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8SDS of cas: 905954-17-8).

(Z)-3-(6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzofuran-5-yl)acrylic acid (cas: 905954-17-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.SDS of cas: 905954-17-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Magnetic solid phase extraction of erythrosine (E127) in pharmaceutical samples with Fe₃O₄/C-nanodots hybrid material prior to spectrophotometric analysis was written by Emiroglu, Elifcan;Yuvali, Donay;Sarp, Gokhan;Yilmaz, Erkan;Narin, Ibrahim. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2021.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

In this study, a green production method was used to obtain magnetic carbon nanodot hybrid material (Fe₃O₄ @C-nanodots). The new material was used as adsorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of Erythrosine (E127) in pharmaceutical samples prior to UV-VIS spectrophotometry anal. C-nanodots were produced from pasteurized cow milk by using a simple and cheap hydrothermal synthesis method. After production of the C-nanodots, Fe₃O₄ @C-nanodot hybrid material was fabricated with one-step hydrothermal method in green solvent medium. Exptl. variables affecting the extraction efficiency of erythrosine such as pH of sample solution, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, eluent type and volume were studied and optimized in details. The characterization studies for the Fe₃O₄ @C-nanodots were carried out by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), Raman spectrometry (Raman) and SEM (SEM) anal. Under the optimum exptl. conditions, The limit of detection (LOD) was 60 ng·L-1 and the recoveries at three spiked levels were ranged from 94.8% to 97.6% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5.0%. The results show that the combination MSPE with UV-VIS spectrophotometer provided a simple and rapid method for extraction and determination of Erythrosine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0Category: benzofurans).

Sodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate) (cas: 16423-68-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Efficacy and safety of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in lung transplant recipients was written by Hirama, Takashi;Akiba, Miki;Shundo, Yuki;Watanabe, Tatsuaki;Watanabe, Yui;Oishi, Hisashi;Niikawa, Hiromichi;Okada, Yoshinori. And the article was included in Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy in 2022.Application of 24280-93-1 This article mentions the following:

To date, reports addressing the antibody response following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lung transplant (LTX) recipients are limited. Thus, the aim of this clin. study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the vaccines in LTX recipients compared to controls. An open-label, nonrandomized prospective study was conducted at Tohoku University Hospital. LTX recipients and controls who received either the BNT162b2 vaccine or the mRNA-1273 vaccine were recruited, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG was measured before and after vaccination. The adverse events were reviewed. Predictors of neg. serol. after vaccination were evaluated with logistic regression. Forty-one LTX recipients and 24 controls were analyzed. Although all controls had a pos. antibody response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, antibody response was found in 24.4% of LTX recipients (p < .0001). The amount of SARS-CoV-2 IgG following the 2nd dose significantly climbed to 6557 AU/mL in controls, whereas the increase in IgG in LTX recipients was 8.3 AU/mL (p < .0001). Fewer LTX recipients developed systemic fever than controls (p < .0001) despite equivalent overall adverse event percentages in both groups. A higher plasma concentration of mycophenolate was a significant predictor of neg. serol. (p = .032). An impaired antibody response to mRNA vaccines was significantly found in LTX recipients compared to controls and was associated with the plasma concentration of mycophenolate. While repeating mRNA vaccination may be one of the strategies to improve antibody response given the safety of the vaccines, emerging data on humoral immune responses based on immunosuppression regimens in LTX recipients should be studied (jRCT1021210009). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1Application of 24280-93-1).

(E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid (cas: 24280-93-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Application of 24280-93-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Metabolism of carbosulfan II. Human interindividual variability in its in vitro hepatic biotransformation and the identification of the cytochrome P450 isoforms involved was written by Abass, Khaled;Reponen, Petri;Mattila, Sampo;Pelkonen, Olavi. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2010.Application of 1563-38-8 This article mentions the following:

This study aims to characterize interindividual variability and individual CYP enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of the carbamate insecticide carbosulfan. Microsomes from ten human livers (HLM) were used to characterize the interindividual variability in carbosulfan activation. Altogether eight phase I metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. The primary metabolic pathways were detoxification by the initial oxidation of sulfur to carbosulfan sulfinamide ( sulfur oxidation pathway’) and activation via cleavage of the nitrogen sulfur bond (N-S) to give carbofuran and dibutylamine ( carbofuran pathway’). Differences between maximum and min. carbosulfan activation values with HLM indicated nearly 5.9-, 7.0, and 6.6-fold variability in the k _m, V _max and CL_int values, resp. CYP3A5 and CYP2B6 had the greatest efficiency to form carbosulfan sulfinamide, while CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the most efficient in the generation of the carbofuran metabolic pathway. Based on average abundances of CYP enzymes in human liver, CYP3A4 contributed to 98% of carbosulfan activation, while CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 contributed 57 and 37% to detoxification, resp. Significant correlations between carbosulfan activation and CYP marker activities were seen with CYP3A4 (omeprazole sulfoxidation), CYP2C19 (omeprazole 5-hydroxylation) and CYP3A4 (midazolam 1′-hydroxylation), displaying r ² = 0.96, 0.87 and 0.82, resp. Activation and detoxification pathways were inhibited by ketoconazole, a specific CYP3A4 inhibitor, by 90-97% and 47-94%, resp. Carbosulfan inhibited relatively potently CYP3A4 and moderately CYP1A1/2 and CYP2C19 in pooled HLM. These results suggest that the carbosulfan activation pathway is more important than the detoxification pathway, and that carbosulfan activation is predominantly catalyzed in humans by CYP3A4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8Application of 1563-38-8).

2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (cas: 1563-38-8) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 1563-38-8

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Geochemical and palynological study of the Upper Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland) was written by Marynowski, Leszek;Filipiak, Pawel;Zaton, Michal. And the article was included in Geological Magazine in 2010.SDS of cas: 205-39-0 This article mentions the following:

Integrated palynol., organic and inorganic geochem. and petrog. methods have been used for deciphering the depositional redox conditions and character of organic matter of the Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the deep-shelf Kowala succession of the Holy Cross Mountains. The ages of the investigated samples have been established, using miospore data, as VF (Diducites versabilis-Grandispora famenensis) and LV (Retispora lepidophyta-Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) miospore Zones of the Middle/Upper Famennian. In the standard conodont zonation, this corresponds to the uppermost postera to lowermost praesulcata Zones. The presence of green sulfur bacteria biomarkers and dominance of small-sized framboids together with the presence of large framboids and low values of the U/Th ratio may indicate that during sedimentation of the lower Dasberg shale, intermittent anoxia occurred in the water column, or the anoxic conditions prevailed in the upper part of the water column, while the bottom waters were oxygenated, at least briefly. Deposition of the upper Dasberg shale was characterized by both bottom water and water column anoxia. The lack of acritarcha taxa from these intervals could have been due to anoxia in the photic zone. Moreover, organic content is high in those samples. There is no geochem. evidence for anoxia during sedimentation of the deposits sandwiched between the lower and upper Dasberg shales, or in the deposits which underlie and overlie both Dasberg shale horizons. The two discrete anoxic events are interpreted to be the result of major transgressions and the blooming of primary producers. Above the Dasberg shales, small fragments of charcoal and raised concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected. This supports the presence of wildfires during deposition of shales just above the boundary of VF/LV palynol. zones. Temperatures calculated from the fusinite reflectance values suggest that the charcoal was formed in low-temperature ground and/or surface fires. The typical marine character of sedimentation combined with the high proportion of charcoals suggests that wildfires were large-scale, and that there was intensive transport of terrestrial material. The main causes of intensive wildfires were a significant rise of O₂ in the atm. and important progress in the land plant diversity during Late Devonian times. Palynofacies studies suggest that the transgression corresponds to the part IIf of the Late Devonian sea-level curve. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0SDS of cas: 205-39-0).

Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.SDS of cas: 205-39-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem