One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 87-41-2, Name is Isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, formurla is C8H6O2. In a document, author is Dias, Natalia C., introducing its new discovery. HPLC of Formula: C8H6O2.
Ozonation of the dye Reactive Red 239 and biodegradation of ozonation products in a moving-bed biofilm reactor: Revealing reaction products and degradation pathways
The ozonation of the azo dye Reactive Red 239 (RR 239) was investigated in a bench-scale reactor. Decolorization and organic matter removal were monitored in batch assays. The toxicity of the dye and its ozonation products to the test-organism Aliivibrio fischeri was also assessed. Identification of ozonation products was performed using analytical techniques (GC-MSD and high resolution mass spectrometry). Ozonated and non-ozonated dye solutions were supplemented with organic matter (glucose) and nutrients sources and subjected to biological treatment in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Five experimental runs were conducted, varying the influent characteristics and monitoring organic matter removal and nitrification performance. Identification of residual compounds in the effluent was also performed. Color was very rapidly removed by ozonation, but the degree of mineralization achieved was rather low. Moreover, toxicity was completely removed after 4 min of ozone reaction. Based on the ozonation products, a two-way mechanism was proposed for the degradation of RR 239 by ozone. Further biological treatment in the MBBR revealed that the removal of organic matter (evaluated as COD) was not affected by the ozonation products. However, nitrification efficiency dropped significantly when the dye or the ozonated dye was fed to the bioreactor. Furthermore, inhibition of nitrite oxidizers resulted in partial nitrification and consequent accumulation of nitrite, which consisted of the main oxidized nitrogen specie in the reactor effluent. The identification of compounds resulting from the ozonation and biological treatment steps suggests that the partial inhibition of nitrifying organisms was possibly caused by triazine- and benzofuran-related organic compounds. Nevertheless, their adverse effect on nitrification was found to be reversible and practically ceased once these compounds were removed from the influent. Overall, the results revealed that the combination of ozonation and MBBR for the treatment of azo dye containing-wastewaters is promising but the ozone-based process should be optimized in order to enable the degradation of compounds inhibiting nitrification.
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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
,Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem