Category: benzofurans

Evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of poly(thioether-ester) and superparamagnetic poly(thioether-ester) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene miniemulsion polymerization was written by Feuser, Paulo Emilio;Cardoso, Mariana de Melo;Galvani, Nathalia Coral;Zaccaron, Rubya Pereira;Venturini, Ligia Milanez;Rigo, Flavia Karine;Machado-de-Avila, Ricardo Andrez;Silveira, Paulo Cesar Lock;Sayer, Claudia;Hermes de Araujo, Pedro Henrique. And the article was included in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials in 2022.Category: benzofurans This article mentions the following:

Poly(thioether-ester) (PTEe) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene polymerization have received attention of many researchers due to several advantages, including, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The search for new nanomaterials requires toxicity studies to assess potential toxic effects of their administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity of PTEe and poly(thioether-ester)-coated magnetic nanoparticles prepared by thiol-ene polymerization in miniemulsion. These nanoparticles presented a mean size of approx. 120 nm, spherical morphol., and neg. surface charge. Doses of 40 mg/kg were administered i.p. to Swiss mice and nociceptive, behavioral and biochem. parameters were investigated in five different organs. None of the nanoparticles led to any alterations in the nociceptive and behavioral responses. Biochem. alterations were observed in liver, decreasing the sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) levels, suggesting the dependence of the GSH metabolism in the elimination of the nanoparticles. In general, both nanoparticle types did not cause disturbances in biochem. parameters analyzed in others organs. These results suggest that both nanoparticle types did not induce acute toxicity to the different organs evaluated, reinforcing the biocompatibility of PTEe nanoparticles synthesized by thiol-ene polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Category: benzofurans).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Category: benzofurans

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Adsorption of Horseradish Peroxidase on Metallic Nanoparticles: Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species Detection Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate was written by Kessler, Amanda;Hedberg, Jonas;McCarrick, Sarah;Karlsson, Hanna L.;Blomberg, Eva;Odnevall, Inger. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2021.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

The fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) together with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is widely used in nanotoxicol. to study acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from nanoparticles (NPs). This study examined whether HRP adsorbs onto NPs of Mn, Ni, and Cu and if this surface process influences the extent of metal release and hence the ROS production measurements using the DCFH assay in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), saline, or Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM). Adsorption of HRP was evident onto all NPs and conditions, except for Mn NPs in PBS. The presence of HRP resulted in an increased release of copper from the Cu NPs in PBS and reduced levels of nickel from the Ni NPs in saline. Both metal ions in solution and the adsorption of HRP onto the NPs can change the activity of HRP and thus influence the ROS results. The effect of HRP on the NP reactivity was shown to be solution chem. dependent. Most notable was the evident affinity/adsorption of phosphate toward the metal NPs, followed by a reduced adsorption of HRP, the concomitant reduction in released manganese from the Mn NPs, and increased levels of released metals from the Cu NPs in PBS. Minor effects were observed for the Ni NPs. The solution pH should be monitored since the release of metals can change the solution pH and the activity of HRP is known to be pH-dependent. It is furthermore essential that solution pH adjustments are made following the addition of NaOH during diacetyl removal of DCFH-DA. Even though not observed for the given exposure conditions of this study, released metal ions could possibly induce agglomeration or partial denaturation of HRP, which in turn could result in steric hindrance for H₂O₂ to reach the active site of HRP. This study further emphasizes the influence of HRP on the background kinetics, its solution dependence, and effects on measured ROS signals. Different ways of correcting for the background are highlighted, as this can result in different interpretations of generated results. The results show that adsorption of HRP onto the metal NPs influenced the extent of metal release and may, depending on the investigated system, result in either under- or overestimated ROS signals if used together with the DCFH assay. HRP should hence be used with caution when measuring ROS in the presence of reactive metallic NPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

The effect of PAMAM dendrimers on the excited states of little-explored xanthene dyes. In search of eco-friendly photoinitiating systems was written by Paula Militello, M.;Porcal, Gabriela V.;Bertolotti, Sonia G.;Previtali, Carlos M.;Arbeloa, Ernesto M.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2023.SDS of cas: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

A complete photophys. and photochem. study on the partially halogenated xanthene dyes 2â€?,7â€?-dichlorofluorescein; 4, 5, 6, 7- tetrachlorofluorescein; 4â€?, 5â€?-dibromofluorescein and 4 â€? 5â€?-diiodofluorescein was carried out in aqueous solution The effect of three PAMAM dendrimers of low generations (G0, G1 and G3) on their excited states was also evaluated. Absorption and fluorescence measurements showed that although the ground and singlet-excited states of the dyes interact weakly with the dendrimers, the binding constants obtained correlated with dendrimer size. The triplet-excited states of the dyes were studied by laser flash photolysis including those for the chlorinated fluoresceins; which, to the best of our knowledge, had not been characterized until now. Iodo- and bromo-fluoresceins showed high triplet quantum yields, whereas chlorinated ones showed values in the order of 0.10, indicating that, although low, the intersystem crossing is not a negligible process. Efficient electron transfer reactions were observed between amino moieties of PAMAM and the triplet states of the dyes. The triplet quenching rate constants also correlated with dendrimer size and the semi-reduced species of the dyes were characterized by their transient spectra. Radical formation efficiencies similar to those obtained with a typical tertiary amine were estimated, so the present results suggest that these dye/dendrimer couples might be promising as photoinitiating systems for polymerizations with low ecol. impact. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0SDS of cas: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.SDS of cas: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Reaction with hydrazonoyl halides 64: Synthesis of some new triazolino[4,3-a]pyrimidines, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 5-arylazothiazoles was written by Abdelhamid, Abdou O.;Fahmi, Abdelgawad A.;Baaui, Basma S.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2012.Formula: C10H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazoles, and triazolino[4,3-a]pyrimidines containing a benzofuran moiety were prepared from the reaction of 2-(2-phenylhydrazono)-1-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-2-chloroethanone with KSCN, KSeCN, alkyl carbodithioates, and pyrimidine-2-thiones, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Formula: C10H7BrO2).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C10H7BrO2

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Mix-and-Match Assembly of Block Copolymer Blends in Solution was written by Cho, Arah;La, Yunju;Jeoung, Sungeun;Moon, Hoi Ri;Ryu, Ja-Hyoung;Shin, Tae Joo;Kim, Kyoung Taek. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2017.Product Details of 38183-12-9 This article mentions the following:

The chem. structure of a block copolymer (BCP) dictates the size, shape, and function of its self-assembled structure in solution This direct correspondence demands precision synthesis of a specific BCP with optimized structural parameters to obtain the desired nanostructures with structural and functional complexity by solution self-assembly. Here we show that the binary blends of BCPs self-assemble into the desired nanostructure in solution by adjusting the composition of the blend. By modifying the structural parameters of a binary BCP blend through control of the composition, two BCPs sharing the repeating units in both polymer blocks coassemble into the desired structures, which range from spherical micelles to inverse cubic and hexagonal mesophases. These BCP blends not only allow the direct creation of complex periodic mesoporous structures of the desired periodicity and pore size but also provide nanostructures of unprecedented morphol. by simple solution self-assembly without relying on the synthesis of correspondingly designed BCPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Product Details of 38183-12-9).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Product Details of 38183-12-9

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Cobalt Nanoparticles-Catalyzed Widely Applicable Successive C-C Bond Cleavage in Alcohols to Access Esters was written by Luo, Huihui;Wang, Lianyue;Shang, Sensen;Li, Guosong;Lv, Ying;Gao, Shuang;Dai, Wen. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Selective cleavage and functionalization of C-C bonds have important applications in organic synthesis and biomass use. However, functionalization of C-C bonds by controlled cleavage remains difficult and challenging because they are inert. Herein, the authors describe an unprecedented efficient protocol for the breaking of successive C-C bonds in alcs. to form esters with one or multiple carbon atoms less using heterogeneous cobalt nanoparticles as catalyst with dioxygen as the oxidant. A wide range of alcs. including inactive long-chain alkyl aryl alcs. undergo smoothly successive cleavage of adjacent -(C-C)_n– bonds to afford the corresponding esters. The catalyst was used for seven times without any decrease in activity. Characterization and control experiments disclose that cobalt nanoparticles are responsible for the successive cleavage of C-C bonds to achieve excellent catalytic activity, while the presence of Co-N_x has just the opposite effect. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a tandem sequence reaction is involved in this process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.Quality Control of Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A Spectroscopic Study of Xanthene Dyes on a Polystyrene Surface: an Investigation of Ion-π Interactions at Polymer Interfaces was written by Mullen, Matthew;Fontaine, Nolan;Euler, William B.. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorescence in 2020.SDS of cas: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Thin films of three differently charged xanthene dyes: rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, cationic), fluorescein 27 (F27, neutral), and disodium fluorescein (DSF, anionic) were cast onto a polystyrene (PS) coated glass substrate to investigate ion-π interactions. Absorbance spectroscopy was used to determine the aggregation state of the dyes on the PS surface. Deconvolution of the spectra of films revealed multiple peaks for all dyes assigned to isolated monomers, aggregates, and complexes between the dye and the polymer substrate. The shift of the low energy peak relative to the monomer peak was used as an indication of interaction strength of that species with the PS π system, which followed the trend of Rh6G > DSF > F27. Increase in the interaction energy is attributed to stabilization from ion-π interactions. Steady-state emission spectra and excited state lifetime measurements were performed on all films. The formation of a weakly emissive exciplex was found for Rh6G and DSF, consistent with ion-π interactions, but no evidence of an exciplex is found for the F27 films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0SDS of cas: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.SDS of cas: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Behavioural and biochemical parameters in guppy (Poecilia vivipara) following exposure to waterborne zinc in salt or hard water was written by Leitemperger, Jossiele;Muller, Talise Ellwanger;Cerezer, Cristina;Marins, Aline Teixeira;de Moura, Leticia Kuhn;Loro, Vania Lucia. And the article was included in Molecular Biology Reports in 2019.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Therefore, this study aimed investigate the influence of salinity, hardness on Zn toxicity on the behaviors and biochem. parameters of the estuarine guppy (Poecilia vivipara). The fish were exposed to waterborne zinc (500μg L^-1) in salt water (25 ppt) or hard water (120 mg L^-1 CaCO₃). For behavioral anal., the locomotive and exploratory parameters of fish in novel environment and light-dark tests were evaluated. We observed that exposure to hard water decreased the distance covered by the fish, and when zinc also present the vertical exploratory behavior decreased. When zinc was tested alone, an increase in the maximum speed of fish was recorded. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total peroxidation and, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteins thiols levels, acetylcholinesterase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities were evaluated in the whole fish body. The integrated biomarker response was calculated for each parameter to aid in the interpretation of the results and indicated that hard water containing zinc had the greatest effect on the biochem. parameters of the fish. In general, neither salinity nor hardness were totally effective in protecting the guppy from the biochem. damage caused by exposure to zinc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Quality Control of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Alternative sample treatments for the determination of sulfonamides in milk by HPLC with fluorescence detection was written by Arroyo-Manzanares, Natalia;Gamiz-Gracia, Laura;Garcia-Campana, Ana M.. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2014.Synthetic Route of C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Sample treatments by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and QuEChERS for the determination of 9 sulfonamides in milk were compared. Both sample preparation methods represent useful alternatives to conventional procedures based mainly on solid-phase extraction, in terms of simplicity, decreased use of organic solvents, sample throughput, and effectiveness in extract clean-up. The sample preparation methods were compared for efficiency, trueness, sensitivity and precision using HPLC with fluorescamine derivatization and fluorescence detection. The clean extracts were obtained with analyte recoveries 90.8-104.7 and 83.6-104.8% for DLLME and QuEChERS, resp. Matrix-matched calibration curves were established for both methods using milk samples spiked at 4 concentration levels. LODs (3xS/N) <1.21 and 2.73 μg/L for DLLME and QuEChERS, resp., were obtained in all cases. The precision, in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision, was <10% in all cases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Synthetic Route of C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is a core structural unit found in many naturally occurring compounds with multidirectional biological activities. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Synthetic Route of C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Determination of ten sulfonamides in honey using tetrahydrofuran Salting Out Liquid Liquid Extraction and monolithic silica column was written by Kadzinski, Leszek;Banasiuk, Rafal;Banecki, Bogdan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2018.Formula: C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

This study presented a novel extraction method using acid hydrolysis and salting out liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) using THF without the need of the cleanup or sample evaporation step, and a simple HPLC-fluorescence method with pre-column derivatization using a reverse phase C18 monolith column for detection of 10 sulfonamides in honey. Different sulfonamides such as sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfacetamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine and sulfadiazine were extracted from wildflower honey samples by salting out liquid-liquid extraction with THF. Stability of derivatized sulfonamide samples were detected in different solvents like THF, methanol and citrate buffer pH 3.5. HPLC-fluorescence method developed using monolithic silica column demonstrated to be specific, because no interfering peaks were observed at the retention time of sulfonamide analytes. The author concluded that the SALLE extraction and HPLC-fluorescence method developed in this study was specific, accurate and precise over a linear dynamic range for detecting sulfonamides in honey samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Formula: C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Substituted benzofurans find applications such as fluorescent sensors, oxidants, in drug discovery, and in another field of chemistry and agriculture.Formula: C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem