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A highly efficient one-pot procedure for the preparation of fluorescein-based dyes with relatively high yield was investigated. Significantly, introduction of these fluoro and chloro functional groups and forming host-guest complexes with cyclodextrins partially enhanced the photostability of these dyes. A highly efficient one-pot synthesis of fluorescein-based halogenated dyes with relatively high yield was reported. Introduction of fluoro and chloro functional groups and forming host-guest complexes with cyclodextrins enhanced their photostability. Copyright

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3771O – PubChem

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Fluorescent markers emitting in the red are extremely valuable in biological microscopy since they minimize cellular autofluorescence and increase flexibility in multicolor experiments. Novel rhodamine dyes excitable with 630 nm laser light and emitting at around 660 nm have been developed. The new rhodamines are very photostable and have high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 80 %, long excited state lifetimes of 3.4 ns, and comparatively low intersystem-crossing rates. They perform very well both in conventional and in subdiffraction-resolution microscopy such as STED (stimulated emission depletion) and GSDIM (ground-state depletion with individual molecular return), as well as in single-molecule-based experiments such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Syntheses of lipophilic and hydrophilic derivatives starting from the same chromophore-containing scaffold are described. Introduction of two sulfo groups provides high solubility in water and a considerable rise in fluorescence quantum yield. The attachment of amino or thiol reactive groups allows the dyes to be used as fluorescent markers in biology. Dyes deuterated at certain positions have narrow and symmetrical molecular mass distribution patterns, and are proposed as new tags in MS or LC-MS for identification and quantification of various substance classes (e.g., amines and thiols) in complex mixtures. High-resolution GSDIM images and live-cell STED-FCS experiments on labeled microtubules and lipids prove the versatility of the novel probes for modern fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3729O – PubChem

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The synthesis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production enhancing activity of substituted 3′-methyl-thalidomides on human leukemia cell line HL-60 stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) are described. Though the introduction of an electron-donating amino group at the phthaloyl moiety of alpha-methylthalidomides enhanced the activity, substituted alpha-methylthalidomides showed decreased stereoselectivity as compared to that of non-substituted alpha-methylthalidomide. The data indicates that the TNF-alpha production enhancing activity of thalidomide derivatives depends on both the electronic-state of substituents at the fused benzene ring and the stereochemistry of the glutarimide moiety.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3743O – PubChem

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The present patent relates to lipid droplet labeling compounds, having the general structure shown in formula I, (I) wherein X are each independently hydrogen, halogen, -C1-20-alkyl, -C2-20-alkenyl, -C2- 20-alkinyl, -C5-6-cykloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, adamantyl, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, Or -N-(R1, R2) group; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1 and R2 may each be independently hydrogen, straight or branching alkyl, cyclo-alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic group, wherein each is un-substituted or halogen substituted; or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen in between them form a 5 or 6 member ring; A is a single bond, -O-, -S-, -CH2-, or -NH-; Y is O or S; Z is O or S; R’ and R” are each independently methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobuthyl, sec- butyl or terc-butyl. The patent also pertains to lipid droplet labeling compositions, which contain formula I and other additives or carriers. The invention further relates to a method for visualizing cells and/ or organelles with a fluorescent imaging technique, the method comprising: – labeling the cells and/ or organelles with one or more fluorescent compounds preferably being in the form of a solution, and – irradiating the cells and/or organelles with light of appropriate wavelength. The method is characterized by providing one or more fluorescent compounds having formula I for labeling the cells and/or organelles.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3674O – PubChem

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Selective control of enzyme activity is critical for elucidating the roles of specific proteins in signaling pathways. One potential means for developing truly target-specific inhibitors involves the use of protein engineering to sensitize a target enzyme to inhibition by a small molecule that does not inhibit homologous wild-type enzymes. Previously, it has been shown that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can be sensitized to inhibition by a biarsenical probe, FlAsH-EDT2, which inhibits PTP activity by specifically binding to cysteine residues that have been introduced into catalytically important regions. In the present study, we developed an array of biarsenical probes, some newly synthesized and some previously reported, to investigate for the first time the structure-activity relationships for PTP inhibition by biarsenicals. Our data show that biarsenical probes which contain substitutions at the 2? and 7? positions are more effective than FlAsH-EDT2 at inhibiting sensitized PTPs. The increased potency of 2?,7?-substituted probes was observed when PTPs were assayed with both para-nitrophenylphosphate and phosphopeptide PTP substrates and at multiple probe concentrations. The data further indicate that the enhanced inhibitory properties are the result of increased binding affinity between the 2?,7?-substituted biarsenical probes and sensitized PTPs. In addition we provide previously unknown physicochemical and stability data for various biarsenical probes.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3755O – PubChem

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(Figure Presented) Syntheses and spectroscopic properties of alkoxy-substituted para-acenequinones are reported. These compounds showed excellent alignment in nematic liquid crystals as evidenced by polarized UV-vis absorption and fluorescence measurements.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3713O – PubChem

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The identification of agents with antiproliferative activity against endothelial cells has significant value for the treatment of many angiogenesis-dependent pathologies. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of thalidomide analogues possessing inhibitory effects against both endothelial and prostate cancer cells. More specifically, several analogues exhibited low micromolar to mid-nanomolar potency in the inhibition of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC) proliferation, both in the presence and absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with the tetrafluorophthalimido class of compounds demonstrating the greatest potency. Additionally, all the compounds were screened against two different androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145). Again, the tetrafluorophthalimido analogues exhibited the greatest effect with GI 50 values in the low micromolar range. Thalidomide was found to demonstrate selective inhibition of androgen receptor positive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that, as an example, tetrafluorophthalimido analogue 19 was able to completely inhibit the prostate specific antigen (PSA) secretion by the LNCaP cell line, while thalidomide demonstrated a 70% inhibition. We have also demonstrated that a correlation exists between HMEC and prostate cancer cell proliferation for this structural class. Altogether, our study suggests that these analogues may serve as promising leads for the development of agents that target both androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer and blood vessel growth.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3711O – PubChem

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We have developed fluoro-substituted versions of the biarsenical-tetracysteine label FlAsH, exhibiting significant improvements in important properties over the original fluorescein derivative. In complexes with tetracysteine targets, F2FlAsH exhibits 50 times improved photostability, lower pH sensitivity, higher absorbance and quantum yield than FlAsH, and F4FlAsH adds a new color to the palette of biarsenical dyes. The two probes also provide a new FRET pair with a larger Ro value (54 A) than any previously obtained with biarsenical dyes. Copyright

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3765O – PubChem

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Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists are candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis via induction of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) gene expression, which contributes to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and to cholesterol efflux from the liver and intestine. However, LXR agonists also induce genes involved in lipogenesis, such as SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory binding element protein 1c) and FAS (fatty acid synthase), thereby causing an undesirable increase in plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Recent studies indicate that LXRalpha contributes to lipogenesis in liver, and selective LXRbeta activation improves RCT in mice. Therefore, LXRbeta-selective agonists are promising candidates to improve atherosclerosis without increasing plasma or hepatic TG levels. However, the ligand-binding domains in the two LXR isoforms alpha/beta share high sequence identity, and few LXR ligands show subtype selectivity. In this study we identified a tetrachlorophthalimide analogue as an LXRbeta-selective agonist. Structural development led to (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-styrylphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (24 a), which shows potent and selective LXRbeta agonistic activity in reporter gene assays. In binding assays, compound 24 a bound to LXRbeta preferentially over LXRalpha. It also induced the expression of ABCA1 mRNA but not SREBP-1c mRNA in cells. Compound 24 a appears to be a promising lead compound for therapeutic agents to treat atherosclerosis without the side effects induced by LXRalpha/beta dual agonists.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3748O – PubChem

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19F and 13C NMR spectra of perfluorinated compounds (i.e., tetrafluorophthalic anhydride, its hydroxyl- and amino-derivatives, N-pentafluorophenyltetrafluorophthalimide, and hexafluoroindan-1,3-dione) were analysed. Different signals in NMR spectra were assigned based on the analysis of spin-spin coupling constants. All assignments made were further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 13C chemical shifts and JC,F coupling constants.

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Reference:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H3714O – PubChem