Heterocyclic Building Block-benzofuran

Anti-inflammatory potential of cultured ginseng roots extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages and adipocytes was written by Park, Hyun Ju;Jo, Sang-Mi;Seo, Seok Hee;Lee, Myoungsook;Lee, Yunkyoung;Kang, Inhae. And the article was included in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2020.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is a traditional medicine widely used in Asia. Due to low reward and high costs, wild ginseng is produced by a plant cell culture technique called cultured ginseng roots (GR). The health benefits of wild ginseng have been well studied, but the potential health effects of GR are largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the role of a GR extract (GRE) on inflammatory responses. We firstly investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of GRE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. GRE (100 Μg/mL) dampened pro-inflammatory gene expression, cytokine release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. These anti-inflammatory responses by GRE were confirmed in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which showed that GRE could inhibit inflammation with the induction of antioxidant levels. LPS was recently reported to impair mitochondrial bioenergetics in mouse macrophages. We next measured the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), determining mitochondrial function. LPS treatment downregulated OCR; however, GRE partially restored the LPS-mediated energy homeostasis defects. Furthermore, GRE-pretreated conditioned media (CM) obtained from mouse macrophages decreased CM-mediated adipocyte inflammation. Collectively, these data suggested that GRE attenuated LPS-induced inflammation, and it might be partially involved in the protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages and adipocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Recommanded Product: 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Recommanded Product: 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Conformation of substrates during hydrolysis at the active site of chymotrypsin was written by Lawson, William B.. And the article was included in Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1967.Product Details of 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

The quasi axial Me D-hydrocoumarilate compares favorably with Me N-acetyl-L-phenylalaninate as a substrate for chymotrypsin in contrast to the planar Me coumarilate and Me indene-2-carboxylate and the quasi axial Me indan-2-carboxylate, which are either not substrates or very poor substrates. These results lead to the conclusion that Me D-dihydroisocarbostyril-3-carboxylate and Me D-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin-3-carboxylate are in the axial conformation during hydrolysis of chymotrypsin and that typical open-chain substrates, such as Me N-acetyl-L-phenylalaninate, must assume a conformation at the active site somewhat similar to that of these sterically restricted cyclic analogs. It is further proposed that a H bond donor (in addition to the hydrophobic binding site) at the active center of chymotrypsin influences the orientation of substrates and site-specific irreversible inhibitors. 24 references In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Product Details of 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives have shown many biological activities, including antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and acting as antagonists of H3 receptors and angiotensin II. Benzofurans are stable towards alkali and readily polymerize on treatment with sulfuric acid, due to which they are useful for the preparation of low cost chemically relatively inert resins.Product Details of 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

A mix-and-click method to measure amyloid-β concentration with sub-micromolar sensitivity was written by Xue, Christine;Lee, Yoon Kyung;Tran, Joyce;Chang, Dennis;Guo, Zhefeng. And the article was included in Royal Society Open Science in 2017.Formula: C17H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease. Because protein aggregation is a concentration-dependent process, rigorous investigations require accurate concentration measurements. Owing to the high aggregation propensity of Aβ protein, working solutions of Aβ are typically in the low micromolar range. Therefore, an ideal Aβ quantification method requires high sensitivity without sacrificing speed and accuracy. Absorbance at 280nm is frequently used to measure Aβ concentration, but the sensitivity is low with only one tyrosine and no tryptophan residues in the Aβ sequence. Here we present a fluorescence method for Aβ quantification using fluorescamine, which gives high fluorescence upon reaction with primary amines.We show that, using hen egg white lysozyme as a standard, fluorescence correlates linearly with primary amine concentration across a wide range of fluorescamine concentrations, from 62.5 to 1000μM. The maximal sensitivity of detection is achieved at a fluorescamine concentration of 250μM or higher. The fluorescamine method is compatible with the presence of DMSO, which is commonly used in the preparation of Aβ oligomers, and limits the use of absorbance at 280nm due to its high background reading. Using aggregation kinetics, we show that the fluorescaminemethod gives accurate concentration measurements at low micromolar range and leads to highly consistent aggregation data. We recommend the fluorescamine assay to be used for routine and on-thefly concentration determination in Aβ oligomerization and fibrillization experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9Formula: C17H10O4).

4-Phenyl-3H,3’H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione (cas: 38183-12-9) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Formula: C17H10O4

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Direct carboxylation of simple arenes with CO₂ through a rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation was written by Suga, Takuya;Mizuno, Hajime;Takaya, Jun;Iwasawa, Nobuharu. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2014.Electric Literature of C10H8O3 This article mentions the following:

Direct carboxylation of simple arenes under atm. pressure of CO₂ is achieved through a rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation without the assistance of a directing group. Various arenes such as benzene, toluene, xylene, electron-rich or electron-deficient benzene derivatives, and heteroaromatics are directly carboxylated with high TONs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1Electric Literature of C10H8O3).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Electric Literature of C10H8O3

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Photochemical reaction of benzofuran derivatives with benzophenone or benzaldehyde was written by Kawase, Yoshiyuki;Yamaguchi, Seiji;Ochiai, Hirokazu;Horita, Hisanori. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 1974.HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1 This article mentions the following:

Photochem. reaction of the benzofurans I [R = R1 = Me; R = Me, CH2OH, R1 = H; RR1 = (CH2)4] with benzophenone gave the oxetanes II (R2 = Ph). Oxetanes II (R2 = H) were produced by the reaction of I with benzaldehyde, but yields were not so high because of their instability. The reaction of 2-methoxycarbonyl- and 2-cyano-benzofuran with benzophenone or benzaldehyde gave dimers of the benzofurans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1).

Methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate (cas: 1646-27-1) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Many natural or synthetic compounds containing benzofuran skeletons have been found to possess remarkable activity as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.HPLC of Formula: 1646-27-1

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some imidazothiazole derivatives of benzofuran was written by Shankerrao, Sheelavanth;Bodke, Yadav D.;Santoshkumar, S.. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

A series of 6-(5-substituted-benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles I (R¹ = H, Br; R² = H, CH₃, F) and 3,6-bis(5-substituted-benzofuran-2-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles II (R³ = H, Br) was synthesized by the reaction of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-bromoethanones such as 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-bromoethanone, 2-bromo-1-(5-bromo-1-benzofuran-2-yl)ethanone with 4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amines such as 4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylamine, 4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylamine, 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylamine and 4-benzofurano-1,3-thiazol-2-amines such as 4-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine, 4-(5-bromo-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine resp. The structures of newly synthesized compounds I and II were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopic studies and screened for their antimicrobial activities. The preliminary results revealed that some of the compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6Recommanded Product: 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone).

1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 38220-75-6) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.Recommanded Product: 1-(5-Bromobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Effects of operating conditions on PM oxidative potential assays was written by Frezzini, Maria Agostina;De Francesco, Nayma;Massimi, Lorenzo;Canepari, Silvia. And the article was included in Atmospheric Environment in 2022.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one This article mentions the following:

Oxidative potential (OP) has been suggested as a biol. relevant exposure metric for estimating particulate matter (PM) capacity to induce oxidative stress in living organisms. However, standardized exptl. procedures are not yet available. This study explores how a variety of operating conditions influences responses of several different assays for measuring OP: the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (OP^DCFH), the ascorbic acid (OP^AA) and the dithiothreitol (OP^DTT) assays. A recently optimized method for the evaluation of PM reducing properties, based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (RP^DPPH), was also included in the study. Two monitoring campaigns were carried out in Central Italy by using co-located PM10 samplers working in parallel, for comparing results obtained from different operating procedures simultaneously applied on equivalent samples. Extraction efficiency and repeatability of three different water-extraction methods (rotating agitator, ultrasonic bath, and vortex), and the influence of storage duration and conditions on OP results were examined OPDCFH values were found to be significantly higher when ultrasonic bath (US) was used for extraction, probably due to the formation of free radicals induced by US; for all the OP assays, the highest repeatability was obtained by extracting samples with rotating agitator (RA). Sample storage was confirmed to be a very critical issue as all the assays, except OP^DTT, showed a marked dependence on storage time and conditions. The influence of membrane filters used to collect PM was also assessed. No significant differences were observed between samples collected on quartz and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters, except for OP^AA, that gave significantly higher results for samples collected on PTFE membranes. Lastly, the contribution of water-insoluble PM components to OP was examined and warrants further investigations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran derivatives are one of the most important oxygen-containing heterocycles. They are also prone to polymerisation in the presence of concentrated mineral acids and Lewis acids.Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Engineering defected 2D Pd/H-TiO₂ nanosonosensitizers for hypoxia alleviation and enhanced sono-chemodynamic cancer nanotherapy was written by Qiao, Xiaohui;Xue, Liyun;Huang, Hui;Dai, Xinyue;Chen, Yu;Ding, Hong. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2022.Application of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a burgeoning modality for cancer therapy owing to its high tissue-penetrating capability, controllability and safety. Whereas, the undesirable reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield of sonosensitizers and tumor hypoxia are two vulnerable spots of SDT. Therefore, it is an advisable strategy to augment ROS level and simultaneously relieve hypoxia for SDT to arrive its full potential in cancer treatment. In this work, the defected two-dimensional (2D) Pd/H-TiO2 nanosheets (NSs) with triple antineoplastic properties were dexterously elaborated and engineered using a facile one-pot Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation tactic by loading a tiny amount of Pd and then inletting hydrogen flow at atm. pressure and temperature The 2D black Pd/H-TiO2 NSs with oxygen defects exerted eximious SDT effect based on the decreased bandgap that made it easier for the separation of electrons and holes when triggered by ultrasound as theor. guided by d. functional theory calculations Addnl., Pd/H-TiO2 NSs could serve as Fenton-like agents because of the presence of oxygen defects, facilitating the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals for exerting the chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Simultaneously, the introduced tiny Pd component possessed catalase-like activity responsible for oxygen production to ameliorate hypoxic condition and thus contributed to improving SDT and CDT efficacies. Both in vitro and in vivo results provided compelling evidences of high ROS yield and aggrandized sono-chemodynamic effect of Pd/H-TiO2 nanosonosensitizers with the detailed underlying mechanism investigation by RNA sequencing. This work delves the profound potential of Pd-catalyzed hydrogenated TiO2 on oncotherapy, and the effective antineoplastic performance and ignorable therapeutic toxicity make it a powerful competitor among a cornucopia of nanosonosensitizers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. In nature, benzofurans have occupied an important role among the plant phenols & several pharmacologically active compounds.Application of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-209 impaired antioxidative defense mechanisms in Brachionus plicatilis was written by Sha, Jingjing;Jian, Xiaoyang;Yu, Qingyun;Wei, Miao;Li, Xiaoyu;Zhao, Ludan;Qi, Yanping. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Application of 76-54-0 This article mentions the following:

Polybrominated di-Ph ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that pose serious challenges to aquatic animals and environments. Compared with BDE-47 which was one of the most toxic congeners known to date, BDE-209 is less toxic with higher abundance in biotic and abiotic samples. In this study, we have explored the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-209 at different concentrations on the radical oxygen species (ROS) levels and the antioxidant defense system of Brachionus plicatilis. Antioxidant indexes were measured, including total protein content (TSP), the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The results indicated that while low concentrations of PBDEs could activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms, prolonged exposure to higher concentrations of PBDEs could impair the antioxidative capacity of B.plicatilis (P < 0.05). The overwhelming of the B.plicatilis antioxidant defense mechanism led to an accumulation of free radicals, resulting in the overactivation of lipid peroxidation and the increased frequency of DNA damage (P < 0.05). By studying the toxicity of PBDEs and the detoxification mechanism of B.plicatilis, our research has revealed useful indexes for detecting and monitoring the level of BDE-47 and BDE-209 in the future. Altogether, this study holds immense value in the field of ecotoxicol. and environmental safety and will aid in the proper management of PBDEs pollution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0Application of 76-54-0).

2′,7′-Dichloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (cas: 76-54-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofuran is the “”parent”” of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Introduction of benzofurans in organic synthesis, particularly drug synthesis, involves generally the use of their metalated species as nucleophiles in addition reactions or in metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.Application of 76-54-0

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem

Synthesis of blue-red emissive amido-substituted di(het)aryl and tri(het)aryl amine derivatives via chemoselective N-mono and N,N-diarylation of (het) aryl amino amides using benzyne/arynes was written by Meerakrishna, Ramakrishnan Suseela;Shanmugam, Ponnusamy. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Quality Control of 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

N-mono- and N,N-chemoselective diarylation of an aryl/hetaryl amino amide reaction using benzyne or arynes, an amide-substituted triaryl amine derivative and diaryl amine derivatives were afforded. The scope and limitation of the present study was studied. The products thus obtained were synthetically transformed to highly functionalized biphenyl bridged heterocycles via Suzuki coupling and condensation with 4,4′-biphenyl dialdehyde. Evaluation of the photophys. properties revealed that the triaryl amine derivatives were blue emissive with high quantum yields, whereas the heterocyclic triaryl amine derivatives were blue-red emissive. 3-(Diphenylamino)benzofuran-2-carboxamide was found to be blue emissive with high quantum yield, whereas the 2-(diphenylamino)nicotinamide was found to be red emissive with low quantum yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7Quality Control of 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide).

3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide (cas: 54802-10-7) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are only weakly aromatic in nature and they are cleaved by many oxidative and reductive conditions. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory.Quality Control of 3-Aminobenzofuran-2-carboxamide

Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem