Hydrophobic Organic Components of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Associated with Inflammatory Cellular Response was written by Jiang, Xing;Xu, Fanfan;Qiu, Xinghua;Shi, Xiaodi;Pardo, Michal;Shang, Yu;Wang, Junxia;Rudich, Yinon;Zhu, Tong. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2019.COA of Formula: C16H10O This article mentions the following:
Nowadays, knowledge regarding component-specific inflammatory effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is limited. In this study, an omics approach based on time-of-flight mass spectrometry was established to identify the key hydrophobic components of PM2.5 associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages after in vitro exposure. Of 764 compounds, 62 components were robustly screened with firmly identified 37 specific chems. In addition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated congeners, novel oxygen- and nitrogen-containing PAHs and, especially, oxygenated PAHs (Oxy-PAHs) were identified. Interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with Oxy-PAHs of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, xanthone, and benzo[h]quinolone, especially, whereas IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were associated with most species. Most species were related to IL-1β, which was significantly higher in the heating season, with a monotonic dose-response pattern mainly for Oxy-PAHs and a U-shaped dose-response pattern for primary species. On the basis of the identified components, four sources of pollution (coal combustion, traffic emissions, biomass burning, and secondary formation, traced by Oxy-PAHs such as 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and quinones) were resolved by the pos. matrix factorization model. TNF-α was associated with primary sources, whereas IL-1β and IL-6 were associated with both primary and secondary sources, suggesting different inflammatory effects between primary and secondary sources when assessing the toxicity-driven disparities of known and unknown PM2.5 components. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0COA of Formula: C16H10O).
Naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran (cas: 205-39-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives.Benzofuran is one of the most significant oxygen-containing heterocycles consisting of fused benzene and furan ring, which are widely presented in various naturally occurring and synthetically active compounds. As benzofurans are prone to undergo ring opening of the heterocycle, examples of reduction of this type of aromatics by using dissolving metals are rather scarce.COA of Formula: C16H10O
Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem