Selective retina therapy and thermal stimulation of the retina: different regenerative properties – implications for AMD therapy was written by Richert, Elisabeth;Papenkort, Julia;von der Burchard, Claus;Klettner, Alexa;Arnold, Philipp;Lucius, Ralph;Brinkmann, Ralf;Framme, Carsten;Roider, Johann;Tode, Jan. And the article was included in BMC Ophthalmology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 1461-15-0 This article mentions the following:
Selective Retina Therapy (SRT), a photodisruptive micropulsed laser modality that selectively destroys RPE cells followed by regeneration, and Thermal Stimulation of the Retina (TSR), a stimulative photothermal continuous wave laser modality that leads to an instant sublethal temperature increase in RPE cells, have shown therapeutic effects on Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in mice. We investigate the differences between both laser modalities concerning RPE regeneration. For PCR array, 6 eyes of murine AMD models, apolipoprotein E and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2- like 2 knock out mice resp., were treated by neuroretina-sparing TSR or SRT. Untreated litter mates were controls. Eyes were enucleated either 1 or 7 days after laser treatment. For morphol. anal., porcine RPE/choroid organ cultures underwent the same laser treatment and were examined by calcein vitality staining 1 h and 1, 3 or 5 days after irradiation TSR did not induce the expression of cell-mediators connected to cell death. SRT induced necrosis associated cytokines as well as inflammation 1 but not 7 days after treatment. Morphol., 1 h after TSR, there was no cell damage. One and 3 days after TSR, dense chromatin and cell destruction of single cells was seen. Five days after TSR, there were signs of migration and proliferation. In contrast, 1 h after SRT a defined necrotic area within the laser spot was seen. This lesion was closed over days by migration and proliferation of adjacent cells. SRT induces RPE cell death, followed by regeneration within a few days. It is accompanied by necrosis induced inflammation, RPE proliferation and migration. TSR does not induce immediate RPE cell death; however, migration and mitosis can be seen a few days after laser irradiation, not accompanied by necrosis-associated inflammation. Both might be a therapeutic option for the treatment of AMD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0HPLC of Formula: 1461-15-0).
2,2′,2”,2”’-(((3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-2′,7′-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (cas: 1461-15-0) belongs to benzofurans derivatives. Benzofurans are compounds with a planar structure having 10 pi electrons that include the lone pair on oxygen atom, which makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Benzofurans have also made significant and distinctive contributions to biology. They exhibit several biological activities that range from antioxidant, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, insecticidal.HPLC of Formula: 1461-15-0
Referemce:
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H6O – PubChem