In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 16859-59-9, name is 3-Hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 16859-59-9
Several methods have been used in the preparation of functionalized hydroxyphthalides.Metalation of N,N-diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide, followed by reaction with dimethylformamide and hydrolysis, furnished 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone in 52percent yield.Reaction of the metalation product of m-fluorobenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal with carbon dioxide, followed by hydrolysis, gave 3-hydroxy-7-fluoro-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone in 86percent yield.Especially noteworthy is the excellent metalation result with fluorine as a directing group.However, metalation of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal followed by reaction with carbon dioxide gave 2,5-dimethoxy-4-formylbenzonic acid (62percent), not the corresponding hydroxyphthalide.The key step in the preparation of the remaining hydroxyphthalides was the Diels-Alder reaction of methyl 4,4-diethoxybutynoate with 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadienes, followed by in situ aromatization with loss of ethylene.Hydrolysis of the resulting products furnished functionalized hydroxyphthalides in good yields.Conversion of the above hydroxyphthalides to their corresponding 3-cyano-1(3H)-isobenzofuranones could not be conveniently effected by literature procedures.However, a unique procedure for cyclization of the corresponding cyanohydrins using oxalyl chloride and dimethylformamide did lead to a good preparation of the above mentioned systems.
We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 16859-59-9, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Product Details of 16859-59-9
Reference：
Benzofuran – Wikipedia,
Benzofuran | C8H1455O – PubChem